Latest Security Threats

Out of bounds read and write in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Use after free in Ozone in Google Chrome on Linux prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Use after free in Aura in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a local attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: High)

Use after free in CameraCapture in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Use after free in GPU in Google Chrome on Android prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Use after free in Network in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Use after free in Cast in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.128 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

FreeRDP before 3.28.0 treats lines beginning with forward slash in RDP files as raw command-line options, exposing the entire CLI parser surface to untrusted files. Attackers can craft malicious RDP files with /rdp2tcp, /cert:ignore, or /drive options to execute arbitrary commands, bypass certificate validation, or expose local filesystems without user interaction.

AVideo before 29.0 contains an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-45578 where execAsync() re-wraps escaped commands in double-quoted sh -c, allowing command substitution via $() and backticks. Attackers can inject arbitrary OS commands through the Live plugin on_publish.php endpoint despite escapeshellarg() protection.

AVideo versions from commit 0dbadbca through latest master contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the encoder download-by-URL flow due to an unpinned retry fallback that bypasses DNS pinning validation. An authenticated attacker can supply a downloadURL that redirects to an internal address, causing the unpinned retry to follow the redirect and reach internal targets for blind SSRF attacks.

AgenticMail gives AI agents real email addresses and phone numbers. In @agenticmail/claudecode prior to version 0.2.39, @agenticmail/codex prior to version 0.1.33, @agenticmail/core prior to version 0.9.43, and @agenticmail/openclaw prior to version 0.5.71, two inbound-mail handlers act on a privileged effect without verifying that the sender is the operator, while a sibling handler in the same repo does. The higher-impact one: any external email routed to the bridge inbox causes the dispatcher to resume the operator's Claude Code session with `permissionMode: 'bypassPermissions'`, embedding the attacker-controlled `from`/`subject`/`preview` verbatim into the prompt the resumed agent reads — an indirect prompt injection into a fully-privileged agent (Bash/Write/Edit/WebFetch + the agenticmail MCP toolbelt) running as the operator's OAuth identity. The sibling operator-query email-reply hook gates the same untrusted-From provenance with `isOperatorReplySender(replyFrom, config.operatorEmail)` (fail-closed); the bridge-wake path — a strictly higher-privilege effect — has no equivalent. @agenticmail/claudecode 0.2.39, @agenticmail/codex 0.1.33, @agenticmail/core 0.9.43, and @agenticmail/openclaw 0.5.71 contain a fix.

Grav CMS scheduler-webhook plugin contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to trigger configured scheduled jobs by exploiting a short-circuit logic flaw in the webhook token validation. Attackers can send a single unauthenticated POST request to the scheduler webhook endpoint to execute all configured scheduled jobs or target a specific job, causing unintended execution of operator-defined commands under the web server process user.

NextCRM is open-source customer relationship management (CRM) software. In version 0.12.1, the MCP campaign tools expose campaign read and write operations over the network using user-generated Bearer API tokens (`nxtc__...`). The application has an authorization model that restricts normal users to campaigns they created, but multiple MCP campaign handlers ignore the authenticated user ID and query or mutate campaigns only by object ID. As a result, a low-privileged authenticated user with a valid MCP API token can enumerate all campaigns, read campaign details, update or delete campaigns owned by other users, modify campaign templates and steps, and potentially trigger or pause campaign delivery. Version 0.12.2 fixes the issue.

NextCRM is open-source customer relationship management (CRM) software. The CRM product catalog is an organization-wide business object. Normal application server actions restrict product creation, update, and deletion to `manager` and `admin` roles. However, in version 0.12.1, the MCP product tools expose the same write operations through `/api/mcp/mcp` using user-generated Bearer tokens and do not enforce role checks. Any authenticated low-privileged user who can generate an MCP API token can create, modify, archive, or soft-delete products in the shared CRM product catalog. Version 0.12.3 contains a fix.

AgenticMail gives AI agents real email addresses and phone numbers. In @agenticmail/api prior to version 0.9.64, a low-privileged authenticated AgenticMail agent can enumerate another agent's pending/claimed tasks by supplying the target agent name to `GET /api/agenticmail/tasks/pending?assignee=<name>`. The returned task objects include the task IDs and payloads. The same task IDs can then be used with the capability-style task mutation endpoints (`/tasks/:id/claim`, `/tasks/:id/result`, `/tasks/:id/complete`, `/tasks/:id/fail`) to claim, complete, or fail tasks assigned to a different agent. Because ordinary authenticated agents can discover agent names through `GET /api/agenticmail/accounts/directory`, the task ID effectively stops being a secret capability. This turns the intended capability model into a cross-agent authorization bypass. Version 0.9.64 contains a fix.

ClearanceKit intercepts file-system access events on macOS and enforces per-process access policies. The ECDSA private key used to sign the on-disk policy database (`/Library/Application Support/clearancekit/store.db`) is stored in the macOS System Keychain. The key was created via the two-step pattern `SecKeyCreateRandomKey` (in-memory) followed by `SecItemAdd(kSecValueRef:, kSecAttrAccess:)` (persist). Prior to version 5.0.10, for `kSecClassKey` items in the legacy System Keychain, `kSecAttrAccess` passed to `SecItemAdd` is silently ignored — the persisted key inherits no ACL restriction. The same access builder applied to `kSecClassGenericPassword` items correctly binds the ACL, making this bug specific to the EC key. The result is that any process running as root can use the key to produce valid signatures over arbitrary policy content. Version 5.0.10 fixes the issue. No known workarounds are available. Disabling the system extension and manually removing the System Keychain item labelled `clearancekit policy signing key` would prevent the forged-signature path but also disables policy enforcement.

Shamefile is a linter for undocumented linter warnings. Prior to version 0.1.7, a path traversal vulnerability in `shame next` allows an attacker-controlled `shamefile.yaml` to disclose contents of files outside the repository, one line at a time, to the terminal of a user who runs the command. See patch commit for technical details. The issue is fixed in 0.1.7. Upgrade to either 0.1.7 or later versions to incorporate the patch. As a workaround, do not run `shame next` against untrusted `shamefile.yaml`. Use `shame me --dry-run` for CI validation.

AgenticMail gives AI agents real email addresses and phone numbers. @agenticmail/api prior to version 0.9.32 and @agenticmail/core prior to version 0.9.10 had weakness related to validation and and binding of inactive-agent hour filtering; storage SQL identifier validation; metadata-backed ownership checks for raw storage SQL; blocking direct storage metadata access through raw SQL; fail-closed outbound worker secret handling; SMTP envelope/header control-character validation before command construction; and TLS certificate verification as the default for MailSender with an explicit opt-out for local development. @agenticmail/api prior to version 0.9.32 and @agenticmail/core prior to version 0.9.10 are patched.

Cross Site Scripting vulnerability in fuint Member Marketing System <=v1.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the ClientMessageController.java file

FlareSolverr before version 3.4.7 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the /v1 API endpoint. This allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information

An issue in safishamsi Open-Source GRAPHIFY v.0.3.2 through v0.4.29 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the validate_url, safe_fetch, _build_opener, _fetch_html and _download_binary functions.

An issue in SJCAM AllWinner Tech products SJ4000-Air V1.4C and before and Whitelabel based v.1.4C and before allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted FEX file

nono is software that allows users to run AI agents in a zero-latency sandbox. Prior to version 0.55.0, the nono Landlock/seccomp policies allow access to local Unix domain sockets (concrete and abstract). This allows an easy sandbox escape by talking to the per-user systemd dbus socket. Version 0.55.0 patches the issue.

ClearanceKit intercepts file-system access events on macOS and enforces per-process access policies. Prior to version 5.0.10, each table in the on-disk SQLite policy store (`/Library/Application Support/clearancekit/store.db`) is verified using an ECDSA signature stored in the `data_signatures` table. The signed payload contains only the canonical row content, with no version counter or freshness binding. An attacker who can write `store.db` and the matching `data_signatures` row — feasible during the opfilter-update window when the Endpoint Security filter is offline, or via offline-boot / decrypted-backup scenarios — can substitute a previously-captured legitimately-signed snapshot. opfilter accepts the older snapshot as fully valid on next boot because the existing signatures still verify. Version 5.0.10 patches the issue.

The Spectra Gutenberg Blocks – Website Builder for the Block Editor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the `uagb/image` block in all versions up to, and including, 2.19.28 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.

A vulnerability was identified in Metasoft 美特软件 MetaCRM up to 6.4.0 Beta06. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /business/qnaire/upload.jsp. Such manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Rsync is a file-copying tool that uses a delta-transfer algorithm to synchronize remote and local files. In versions prior to 3.4.3, the receiver-side out-of-bounds array read in rsync's recv_files() lets a malicious rsync server (or any peer acting in the sender role) deterministically crash any rsync client that pulls from it. The trigger is fully wire-protocol-level, requires no special options on the victim, and works for both rsync:// URLs and remote-shell pulls; since inc_recurse is the protocol-30+ default, any client doing a normal recursive pull against an attacker-controlled URL is exposed. A malicious server sets CF_INC_RECURSE, sends a flist whose first sorted entry is not the leading "." directory (causing parent_ndx to be set to -1), then sends a transfer record with ndx = 0 and an iflag omitting ITEM_TRANSFER, causing the receiver to read 8 bytes before the allocated pointer array and dereference the result in f_name(). The impact is crash-only: the out-of-bounds read lands in glibc mmap chunk metadata and dereferences to an unmapped low address, producing a SEGV that cannot be leveraged into an exploit (confirmed on glibc x86-64 Linux; non-glibc allocators not audited). This issue is fixed in version 3.4.3.

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_424CE0 function of the file /goform/setMacFilterCfg.

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_425964 function of the file /goform/SetOnlineDevName

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.20 firmware has a denial of service vulnerability in the update_dev_name function of the file /goform/SetOnlineDevName

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_42EEE0 function of the file /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg.

The `@ai-sdk/harness-opencode` tool is an HarnessV1 adapter backed by @openai/codex-sdk, which drives the codex command line interface. Prior to version 1.0.29, the tool relay authorizes requests from any process whose command line contains an allowed helper script path (the Codex CLI shim). This allows untrusted code executing in the sandbox to invoke arbitrary host-exposed tools, including secret lookups, deployment operations, and cloud API calls without a corresponding model-authorized tool-call event. Exploitation requires a Linux environment (the vulnerable fallback checks `process.platform === 'linux'` and reads `/proc`); an active harness session with one or more host-provided tools; and untrusted code executing in the sandbox (e.g. a malicious dependency, build script, or lifecycle hook) The fix in version 1.0.29 removes the process-path authorization fallback entirely. Relay requests are now only accepted after exact, short-lived, one-time authorization matching the tool name and input from a bridge-observed model event. Some workarounds are available. Do not run the Codex harness on untrusted repositories or with untrusted dependencies, and/or limit host-exposed tools to non-sensitive operations when working with untrusted code.

The `@ai-sdk/harness-opencode` tool connects HarnessAgent to OpenCode through a sandboxed bridge. Prior to version 1.0.28, the tool relay authorizes requests from any process whose command line contains an allowed helper script path (`host-tool-mcp.mjs`). This allows untrusted code executing in the sandbox to invoke arbitrary host-exposed tools including secret lookups, deployment operations, and cloud API calls without a corresponding model-authorized tool-call event. Exploitation requires a Linux environment (the vulnerable fallback checks `process.platform === 'linux'` and reads `/proc`); an active harness session with one or more host-provided tools; and untrusted code executing in the sandbox (e.g. a malicious dependency, build script, or lifecycle hook) The fix in version 1.0.28 removes the process-path authorization fallback entirely. Relay requests are now only accepted after exact, short-lived, one-time authorization matching the tool name and input from a bridge-observed model event. Some workarounds are available. Do not run the OpenCode harness on untrusted repositories or with untrusted dependencies, and/or limit host-exposed tools to non-sensitive operations when working with untrusted code.

Improper certificate validation in Apache MINA SSHD (server-side). Apache MINA SSHD is a Java library for client-side and server-side SSH. Server-side OpenSSH user certificate validation during user authentication in an Apache MINA SSHD server did not check for the unsupported force-command or verify-required options that could be embedded in the certificate, nor did it validate these options. As a result it was possible that a user could authenticate with such a certificate that included a force-command option but still was able to execute other commands. What other command exactly would be available to the user depends on the implementation of the server. This issue is fixed in Apache MINA SSHD 2.19.0 and 3.0.0-M5. Applications are advised to upgrade to these versions. The fix rejects OpenSSH user certificates that include these options, since Apache MINA SSHD implements neither force-command nor sk-*-cert-v01@openssh.com user certificates (which are the only ones for which verify-required would make sense).

Improper input validation in sshd-git in Apache MINA SSHD. Apache MINA SSHD is a Java library for client-side and server-side SSH. Component org.apache.sshd:sshd-git provides though its GitPgmCommandFactory a way to configure an Apache MINA SSHD server such that SSH clients can remotely execute git commands via the JGit library on git repositories stored on the server. This GitPgmCommandFactory allowed a user authenticated via SSH to run any JGit command available, including commands that could write files at arbitrary places such as git archive with the --output option. Affected are SSH servers implemented with Apache MINA SSHD and using the GitPgmCommandFactory. If the GitPgmCommandFactory is not configured on the server, the server is not affected. It is recommended to upgrade affected servers to Apache MINA SSHD 2.19.0 or 3.0.0-M5, which fix this issue. The issue is fixed by restricting the available commands to a small whitelist of uncritical commands (such as git log). git archive is also allowed, but its --output argument is ignored and the archive is always sent through the SSH channel to the client.

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for management of hosting services. In versions prior to 1.5.1, the checkout component improperly filters URL-writable properties, allowing authenticated users to inject arbitrary key-value pairs into server provisioning parameters. Because bundled server extensions prioritize these user-supplied properties over administrator-defined configurations, a regular user can override hosting plans and resource limits at checkout without special privileges. The Checkout Livewire component's $checkoutConfig property exposed via URL query parameters, only validating keys explicitly defined by an extension's configuration method, allowing any undefined injected keys to bypass validation entirely. These unsanitized keys are then stored directly in the database by the cart component and later passed to server extensions during provisioning, enabling user-injected data to override intended administrator settings. Depending on the active extension, this leads to unauthorized overrides of core resource limits (such as CPU, RAM, storage, or package tiers). No administrative privileges are required to exploit this vulnerability. This issue has been fixed in version 1.5.1.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. FreeScout's `Manage -> Logs -> App Logs` feature uses the bundled `rap2hpoutre/laravel-log-viewer` override to decrypt a user-supplied file identifier and then pass the resolved path to Laravel's download response. Prior to version 1.8.224, the path resolution logic accepts any existing absolute path before applying the intended `storage/logs` restriction. As a result, an attacker who can access the App Logs route and forge a valid Laravel-encrypted `dl` parameter can download arbitrary server-local files readable by the PHP process, not just log files. Version 1.8.224 contains a fix.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.224, the public endpoint `POST /user-setup/{hash}/{invite_sent_at}` (`OpenController@userSetupSave`) selects the target account solely by its `invite_hash` column, then overwrites that account's email and password and logs in as it. No authentication, cookie, or prior session is required. After a user activates, FreeScout sets `invite_hash` to the empty string. On MySQL and MariaDB, `VARCHAR` equality ignores trailing spaces, so a single URL-encoded space (`%20`) matches the stored empty string and selects the lowest-id activated user. The expiry guard decrypts `invite_sent_at` with the target's password hash, but `Helper::decrypt` returns its raw input unchanged when decryption fails. A plaintext numeric value such as `9999999999` therefore passes the time-to-live check without any secret. The result is that an anonymous attacker sets the email and password of the lowest-id activated FreeScout account (a support agent, or an administrator if one was added by invitation) and authenticates as that account. Version 1.8.224 contains a fix.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.224, the FreeScout helpdesk application does not enforce rate limiting on the file upload endpoint. Any user can flood the server with upload requests, leading to database overload and potential denial of service for all users. Version 1.8.224 contains a fix.

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for management of hosting services. In versions prior to 1.5.5, the credit payment implementation in app/Livewire/Invoices/Show.php executes a pessimistic row lock (lockForUpdate()) outside of an active database transaction. Because MySQL/MariaDB requires an enclosing transaction to enforce row-level locks, the guard is ineffective. Concurrent payment requests can exploit this race condition to read the same credit balance simultaneously, allowing users to pay multiple invoices using the same credit balance. In database systems like MySQL, a row lock only works inside a formal transaction; without one, the lock is completely ignored. Because there is no active lock, two payment requests sent at the exact same millisecond can look at the database at the same time. Both requests see the original credit balance, decide it is sufficient, and approve the payment. Because the payment processes successfully through ExtensionHelper::addPayment(), the application provisions the corresponding services or digital goods, resulting in direct financial or resource loss to the platform. This issue has been fixed in version 1.5.5.

Path traversal in the sshd-scp component of Apache MINA SSHD. Apache MINA SSHD is a Java library for client-side and server-side SSH. The implementation of receiving files or directories via SCP did not validate filenames in SCP "C" or "D" commands. A malicious sender could send filenames containing paths, resulting in files to be written in attacker-controlled places. The issue affects only * applications that use no longer supported Apache MINA SSHD versions < 2.0.0 and use the SCP functions to receive files, * or applications using sshd-scp in Apache MINA SSHD >= 2.0.0 to receive files. Applications using Apache MINA SSHD >= 2.0.0 not using sshd-scp are not affected. The issue is fixed in Apache MINA 2.19.0 and 3.0.0-M5. Affected applications are advised to upgrade to these versions.

Path traversal on Windows in Apache MINA SSHD component sshd-git. Apache MINA SSHD is a Java library for client-side and server-side SSH. A git server implemented with Apache MINA SSHD component sshd-git and running on Windows could allow an authenticated remote user access to git repositories outside of the configured server-side root directory. The path validation applied for CVE-2026-48827 in Apache MINA SSHD 2.18.0 and 3.0.0-M4 was partly ineffective for Servers running on Windows. Applications are affected if they use org.apache.sshd:sshd-git to implement a git server and run on Windows. Applications not using sshd-git or not running on Windows are not affected. Users are advised to upgrade affected applications to Apache MINA SSHD 2.19.0, which fixes the issue. The issue also is present in the pre-release milestones 3.0.0-M1 to 3.0.0-M4 for a new upcoming new major version 3.0.0. Again, applications are affected only if they use sshd-git and run on Windows. Upgrade affected applications to 3.0.0-M5.

Rsync is a file-copying tool that uses a delta-transfer algorithm to synchronize remote and local files. In versions prior to 3.4.3, the receiver's compressed-token decoder accumulated a 32-bit signed counter without checking for overflow. A malicious sender can trigger an overflow that with careful manipulation can lead to the extraction of data stored in memory of the process allowing an attacker to access environment variables, passwords and memory pointers from the heap, stack, and libraries. The leakage of these pointers and data can significantly reduce the effectiveness of ASLR and facilitate further exploitation. This issue is fixed in version 3.4.3.

Rsync is a file-copying tool that uses a delta-transfer algorithm to synchronize remote and local files. In versions prior to 3.4.3, previous bug fixes for symlink races in open() calls missed races in other path based system calls like chmod() and chown(). For rsync daemons with "use chroot = no" this allows an attacker with local filesystem access to change permissions, ownership or timestamp on a file outside the exported module. This issue is fixed in version 3.4.3.

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for management of hosting services. In versions prior to 1.5.0, the PayPal webhook endpoint /extensions/paypal/webhook processes the PAYPAL-CERT-URL HTTP header without validation, allowing attackers to control server-side HTTP request destinations. This value is passed directly into a server-side HTTP request via file_get_contents, allowing attackers to control the destination of the request. No allowlist, validation, or signature verification is applied to the header before usage. As a result, the application can be coerced into performing HTTP requests to attacker-controlled or internal network destinations. This vulnerability allows remote unauthenticated attackers to induce server-side HTTP GET requests to arbitrary external or internal endpoints. Depending on network configuration, this may lead to: blind SSRF to external attacker-controlled systems, and potential access to internal network services No direct response data is returned to the attacker (blind SSRF), but the issue may still enable sensitive network probing or data exfiltration via side channels. This issue has been fixed in version 1.5.0.

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for management of hosting services. In versions prior to 1.5.0, the email update functionality fails to invalidate the existing verification state when a user changes their email address, allowing a verified account to retain its verified status after switching to an unverified or unowned email address. When a user updated their email address, the system did not reset or revalidate the associated email verification status. As a result, the verification column remained set to “true” even after the email address was changed. Exploitation could potentially result in: misrepresentation of email ownership, bypass of verification-based trust assumptions, and abuse of features gated behind verified status. No direct unauthorized access to other users accounts or data is possible through this issue alone. This issue has been fixed in version 1.5.0.

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for management of hosting services. In versions prior to 1.5.0, the ticket creation endpoint accepts a user-supplied service identifier without enforcing ownership validation, allowing authenticated users to create support tickets referencing services belonging to other accounts by modifying the service ID in the request. An attacker could modify the service ID value in the client-side request and successfully create a ticket associated with another user's service. The vulnerability requires authentication and does not provide direct access to service contents or customer data. However, referenced service information could become visible to support personnel handling the ticket. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated user to: create support tickets referencing services belonging to other users, potentially cause support staff to interact with or review unrelated customer services. The vulnerability did not allow direct access to another user's service, modification of another user's service or retrieval of confidential service data through the vulnerable endpoint itself. This issue has been fixed in version 1.5.0.

NextCRM is open-source customer relationship management (CRM) software. Versions prior to 0.12.0 have a Broken Access Control (BAC) vulnerability in the `activateUser` and `deactivateUser` Next.js Server Actions of NextCRM. The application fails to verify if the requesting user holds the `admin` role. Consequently, any authenticated user (even those with the lowest `member` or `viewer` roles) can arbitrarily activate or deactivate any user account in the system, including the main administrator. Version 0.12.0 fixes the issue.

NextCRM is open-source customer relationship management (CRM) software. Versions prior to 0.12.0 have a Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA/IDOR) vulnerability exists in the CRM contact and target update endpoints. The application fails to verify if the authenticated user has ownership of the specific resource being modified. This allows any authenticated user (even with a standard `member` role) to arbitrarily modify sensitive CRM contacts and targets belonging to other users or organizations (cross-tenant data tampering). Version 0.12.0 fixes the issue.

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.05 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_4418CC function of the file /goform/SetNetControlList.

The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_42EA38 function of the file /goform/SetVirtualServerCfg.

VSee Clinic 7.1.26 and VSee Clinic API 1.3.0 exposes cleartext SFTP credentials in the HTTP responses of three unauthenticated endpoints. The credentials are present in these responses only when SFTP connections have been configured within the application. No authentication is required to retrieve these credentials. An unauthenticated remote attacker who observes any of these HTTP responses on an instance where SFTP is configured can obtain the credentials and use them to access the associated SFTP server.

VSee Clinic 7.1.26 and API 1.3.0 contain an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the /v1.3.0/api/files endpoint. An authenticated attacker can manipulate the 'remark' request parameter to enumerate, retrieve, and delete files belonging to other users on the application server.

Rsync is a file-copying tool that uses a delta-transfer algorithm to synchronize remote and local files. In versions prior to 3.4.3, when using a daemon configured with a chroot, the reverse DNS lookup of the connecting client was performed after the chroot had been entered. If the chroot did not contain the files glibc needs for resolution (/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/hosts, NSS service modules), the lookup failed and the connecting hostname was set to "UNKNOWN". Hostname-based deny rules ("hosts deny = *.evil.example") therefore could not match, and an attacker who controlled the PTR record for their source IP could connect from a hostname that the administrator had intended to deny. IP-based ACLs ("hosts allow = 10.0.0.0/8") are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 3.4.3.

GPT-SoVITS through 20250606v2pro contains an OS command injection vulnerability in webui.py where ASR, slice, denoise, and uvr5 functions interpolate unsanitized Gradio textbox values directly into shell commands executed with shell=True. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters through path parameters to execute arbitrary OS commands as the server process user without authentication.

ktransformers through 0.6.3, fixed in commit def0f93, contains an unauthenticated pickle deserialization vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending crafted pickle payloads to the SchedulerServer ZMQ ROUTER socket bound to all interfaces. Attackers can exploit malicious __reduce__ methods embedded in crafted pickle payloads to execute arbitrary shell commands as the server process.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.223, an unauthenticated attacker can inject messages into any existing support conversation by sending a single email to the helpdesk's public address with a crafted `In-Reply-To` header. No credentials, tokens, or prior access are required. The injected message is rendered in the agent UI as a legitimate customer reply, the conversation is automatically reopened, and the `last_reply_from` field is set to the attacker's identity. Version 1.8.223 contains a fix.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. A Prototype Pollution condition in the `getQueryParam` function `/public/js/main.js` and was addressed in version 1.8.139 by blocking URL query keys matching the pattern `__proto__`. However, this mitigation is incomplete: it only filters top-level `__proto__` keys and fails to sanitize nested forms such as `b[__proto__][polluted]=PWNED`. As a result, an attacker-controlled URL query string can still write into `Object.prototype` on any page that loads `main.js`. Version 1.8.223 contains a updated fix.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.224, the denylist that neutralizes dangerous file uploads (`Helper::$restricted_extensions`) is incomplete: it does not cover the `.pht` extension. The authenticated upload endpoint `POST /uploads/upload` (`SecureController@upload`) stores files with their original extension into the web-accessible directory `storage/app/public/uploads/` (served at `/storage/uploads/`). On the standard Apache + `libapache2-mod-php` deployment, the default handler `<FilesMatch ".+\.ph(ar|p[3457]?|t|tml)$">` executes `.pht`, so **any authenticated agent can upload a `.pht` web shell and run arbitrary commands as the web-server user** (`www-data`). This is a direct bypass of the fix for CVE-2025-48471, which added `phtml`/`phar` but not `pht` (nor `phtm`, `phps`). Version 1.8.224 contains an updated fix.

BuildKit's cache mount source= selector on Windows Container on Windows (WCOW) workers does not detect NTFS directory junctions placed inside the cache root. A build authored by an untrusted user on a WCOW-configured BuildKit daemon can read arbitrary host files reachable to the BuildKit daemon process.

Improper authorization in the ToolGroupResource and RoleAjax REST/DWR endpoints in dotCMS dotCMS 21.02 through 26.06.22-03 on all platforms allows a low-privileged authenticated backend user to self-assign the administrative layout and self-grant the CMS Administrator role, then achieve remote code execution via a crafted OSGi bundle upload whose BundleActivator executes arbitrary shell commands.

RT is an open source, enterprise-grade issue and ticket tracking system. Versions 5.0.0 and 6.0.0 and above, prior to both 5.0.10 and 6.0.3 contain a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability where uploaded content is served inline rather than as an attachment. An authenticated user who can upload content can include JavaScript in the upload that will execute in the browser session of any RT user who later views or downloads it. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.10 and 6.0.3.

RT is an open source, enterprise-grade issue and ticket tracking system. Versions 5.0.4 up to (but not including) 5.0.10, and 6.0.0 up to (but not including) 6.0.3 contain a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability where an attacker who can induce an authenticated RT user to visit a crafted URL can execute arbitrary JavaScript in that user's browser session. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.10 and 6.0.3.

RT is an open source, enterprise-grade issue and ticket tracking system. Versions prior to 5.0.10, 6.0.0 and above, prior to 6.0.3 contain an information disclosure and privilege escalation vulnerability in the REST 2.0 API. A privileged (non-administrative) user can obtain authentication credentials belonging to other users — including users with administrative privileges — and use those credentials to read data as those users via RT's feed endpoints. The same request that exposes the credentials also rotates them, invalidating previously-distributed feed URLs across the instance. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.10 and 6.0.3.

Net::DNS versions through 1.55 for Perl allow remote execution injection via EDNS EXTENDED ERROR. Net::DNS::RR::OPT::EXTENDED_ERROR::_decompose parses the EXTRA-TEXT field of an EDNS EXTENDED-ERROR option (RFC 8914) by tokenising the raw bytes and passing the result to Perl's eval. There is some escaping done for $ and @, but not for backticks. This can be exploited for command execution if $pkt->edns->option('EXTENDED-ERROR') is called in array context, for example with a payload of {0:`"<command>"`} in EXTRA-TEXT.

Net::DNS versions through 1.55 for Perl allow Denial of Service via deep DNS compression pointer chains. Net::DNS::DomainName::decode follows RFC 1035 compression pointers by recursing into itself with no depth limit. It is possible to construct a name which saturates the call stack (at least with larger TCP responses), leading to a potential Denial of Service. The guard `$link < $offset` prevents forward and circular chains, but still allows arbitrarily long backward chains. The per-offset cache (`$cache`) is populated at the start of each call and short-circuits only re-traverses of the same offset - the initial descent through a fresh chain still recurses at full depth. A crafted packet can chain two-byte compression pointers so that each one points two bytes earlier than the previous, producing a chain length of `offset / 2`. For the 14-bit pointer field (max offset 16383) this gives up to ~8191 recursive frames. For a TCP DNS message the limit is the 16-bit length field (~32767 frames). Perl's default C stack handles only a few thousand frames; beyond that the process receives SIGSEGV or similar, which is a denial-of-service for any application parsing untrusted DNS data. The vulnerability is triggered by `Net::DNS::Packet->new(\$wire)` i.e. any point where the library decodes a DNS message from the network.

FileCodeBox before 2.4 contains a rate-limit bypass vulnerability in the IPRateLimit class that allows unauthenticated attackers to circumvent request throttling by supplying attacker-controlled X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For headers without verification of trusted reverse proxy origin. Attackers can supply unique spoofed IP values on each request to enumerate all possible share codes and retrieve other users' files without authentication.

Roo Code through 3.54.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in the auto-approve execute feature that allows attackers to bypass allowlist/denylist enforcement by nesting command substitutions inside parameter expansion defaults. The command parser in parse-command.ts replaces parameter expansions with opaque placeholders before extracting command substitutions, causing the containsDangerousSubstitution guard to miss nested payloads, which are then auto-approved based on the outer allowlisted command prefix and executed by the shell via execa, enabling arbitrary command execution.

HyperDX before 2.31.0 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated team members to direct the server to make requests to arbitrary internal network destinations by supplying a caller-controlled URL to the webhook test endpoint. Attackers can bypass the insufficient hostname blacklist validation in the webhook handler to enumerate internal services, interact with internal containers, or access cloud instance metadata services including provider metadata endpoints.

HyperDX before 2.31.0 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated team members to direct the server to arbitrary internal destinations by supplying a caller-controlled host parameter to the ClickHouse proxy test endpoint with no URL validation or allowlist enforcement. Attackers can exploit the reflected error responses from the endpoint to disclose internal service response bodies, enabling access to internal APIs, container services, and cloud provider metadata endpoints.

cal.diy through 6.2.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the conferencing OAuth callback endpoint that allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary URLs by crafting malicious state parameters. Attackers can exploit the unsigned state parameter and onErrorReturnTo field to silently redirect visitors from the trusted domain to attacker-controlled URLs for phishing attacks.

Huginn through 2022.08.18 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the fetch_url method of ScenarioImport that allows authenticated users to make arbitrary HTTP requests by submitting crafted URLs. Attackers can probe internal network services, enumerate ports via error signatures, and access cloud metadata endpoints to retrieve sensitive credentials.

Glance through 0.8.5 contains an IP address spoofing vulnerability in the authentication handler that allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass brute-force lockout protections by supplying arbitrary values in the X-Forwarded-For request header when the server proxied option is enabled. Attackers can manipulate the leftmost value of the X-Forwarded-For header to make each login attempt appear to originate from a distinct IP address, preventing the per-IP failed-login counter from reaching the lockout threshold and enabling unlimited credential guessing against the authentication endpoint.

Adminer before 5.4.3 contains a cookie injection vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate cookie attributes by injecting arbitrary values through the unsanitized X-Forwarded-Prefix HTTP header used in Set-Cookie path attributes. Attackers can exploit a misconfigured reverse proxy to downgrade SameSite protection and enable cross-origin authenticated requests, bypassing cookie security controls.

The Joomla extension DJ-Classifieds is vulnerable to an unauthenticated file upload, leading to full RCE.

The Joomla extension Gridbox is vulnerable an authenticated bypass, potentially leading to full admin access.

The Joomla extension JDownloads is vulnerable to an unauthenticated file upload, leading to full RCE.

The Joomla extension Hikashop is vulnerable to an open redirect.

The Joomla extension Page Builder CK does not properly apply access control to frontend page list views.

LimeSurvey through 6.17.10 and 7.0.4 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the REST API survey template endpoint that allows authenticated users to cause the server to issue arbitrary HTTP requests by supplying a manipulated Host header. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized use of the HTTP Host header in the getTemplateData() function to reach internal network services, cloud metadata endpoints, and extract sensitive credentials such as IAM tokens from instance metadata services.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to a unauthenticated path traversal via form elements. Unauthenticated users frontend users are allowed traversal paths and read arbitrary files. Requires a published page with a Form element.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to an authenticated stored XSS vulnerability. Authenticated builder user could inject scripts, fires for any visitor or admin viewing the page. Unescaped output + unsanitised SVG.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to an authenticated stored XSS vulnerability. Authenticated builder users could break out of id/class fields that render for public users.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to an improper access control. Authenticated users could upload media files regardless of their media management permissions.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to an information disclosure. Raw exceptions reflected in AJAX handler responses.

The Joomla extension JMedia is vulnerable to an authenticated arbitrary file upload, leading to RCE. Executable uploads/writes possible (incl. polyglot filenames); chmod didn't strip execute bits.

The Joomla extension JMedia is vulnerable to an SSRF vulnerability. Remote-URL download could target internal/reserved addresses.

The Joomla extension JMedia is vulnerable to a stored XSS vulnerability. Unsanitised SVG uploads served without nosniff, leading to stored/reflected XSS.

The Joomla extension Quix Page Builder Pro is vulnerable to an authenticated PHP code execution. Authenticated builder user (core.create/core.edit) could inject PHP tags in element content, that got executed via view-cache include(). Requires caching on (default).

DNG SDK versions 1.7.1 2536 and earlier are affected by a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

This vulnerability impacts all versions of IdentityIQ and allows an unauthenticated attacker unauthorized access to protected APIs and data due to improper validation of OAuth bearer tokens.

A flaw was found in libcupsfilters and cups-filters. The PNG image reading function creates a libpng reader without installing an error recovery handler, causing the CUPS image filter process to abort when processing a malformed PNG file. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this by submitting a specially crafted PNG print job, leading to denial of service of the in-flight print job.

ExtremeXOS (EXOS) uses a challenge-response mechanism to authorize access to the privileged debug-mode function. The challenge value is generated using an insufficiently random source, which under certain conditions may allow an attacker to predict the expected response and activate debug-mode without authorization. Depending on device configuration and version, this may enable escalation to root-level access and persistent modification of the device software stack. Exploitation requires either a valid low-privilege account on the device (remote scenario) or physical serial console access (local scenario). This vulnerability is distinct from CVE-2017-14329, which addressed a different issue involving Python script privileges. Extreme would like to thank Hadrien Barral (Université Gustave Eiffel) and Georges-Axel Jaloyan (French Ministry of the Interior) for responsible disclosure of their findings.

The mv, cp, and rm file utilities exposed within the ExtremeXOS (EXOS) shell environment fail to safely canonicalize paths and follow symbolic links outside of the intended privilege boundary. An attacker with low-privilege CLI access can create a symbolic link that references a privileged filesystem location and then invoke the affected utilities to read, modify, or replace security-critical files outside of their authorized scope. Under certain conditions, this may enable escalation to root-level access and persistent modification of the device software stack. Exploitation is possible remotely by an attacker holding a low-privilege account, or locally via the serial console. Extreme would like to thank Hadrien Barral (Université Gustave Eiffel) and Georges-Axel Jaloyan (French Ministry of the Interior) for responsible disclosure of their findings.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. In versions 0.10.6 and prior, when an authenticated user session is initialized using the Xvnc backend over UNIX domain sockets, the Xvnc process is launched with insufficient authentication mechanisms. A local authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass intended session isolation, allowing them to unauthorizedly view or control the active desktop sessions of other users on the same system. Users using other backends, such as xorgxrdp or Xvnc over TCP sockets, are not affected. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a vulnerability concerning the parsing of Client Security Data within the Client MCS Connect Initial PDU with GCC Conference Create Request during the connection sequence. During the initial capability and security negotiation phase, the parser fails to perform sufficient length validation for the incoming data block. A remote, unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted RDP packet containing malformed data. Due to missing bounds checks, the xrdp process may read a small number of bytes beyond the declared data block boundary, potentially disclosing process memory contents that could be combined with other vulnerabilities. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.221, FreeScout's attachment download route skips token authentication for any attachment whose `token_type` is set to `1` (`TOKEN_TYPE_LEGACY`). Because this route is unauthenticated and the file path is deterministic, an unauthenticated remote attacker can download any attachment that was created by an older version of FreeScout without possessing a valid token or session. Version 1.8.221 contains a fix.

RT is an open source, enterprise-grade issue and ticket tracking system. Versions 6.0.0 and above, prior to 6.0.3 contain a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. An attacker who can induce an authenticated RT user to visit a crafted URL can execute arbitrary JavaScript in that user's browser session. There are no effective workarounds. Avoid following untrusted RT URLs. This issue has been fixed in version 6.0.3.

RT is an open source, enterprise-grade issue and ticket tracking system. Versions 6.0.0 and above, prior to 6.0.3, contain a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability, where user-controlled data is rendered without proper HTML escaping. An authenticated user with permission to set the relevant data can inject JavaScript that executes when another RT user views the affected page. This issue has been fixed in version 6.0.3.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.219, the open tracking endpoint `GET /thread/read/{conversation_id}/{thread_id}` allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate valid conversation and thread IDs, and modify thread state (`opened_at` timestamp) without any authentication. Version 1.8.219 patches the issue.

Flask-Security-Too allows users to add security features to their Flask applicationa. Version 5.8.0's OAuth reauthentication flow can mark a session as fresh after verifying an OAuth account that belongs to a different user. If an attacker can operate an already-authenticated but stale victim session, they can complete OAuth verification using their own OAuth identity. The victim session is then treated as recently reauthenticated, allowing freshness-protected account actions to proceed. Version 5.8.1 contains a fix for this issue.

Chamilo version 1.11.40 and earlier are vulnerable to authenticated remote code execution in the main/inc/ajax/lang.ajax.php path. This endpoint is protected only by `api_protect_course_script(true)`, which means any authenticated user enrolled in a course (student, teacher, DRH) can reach it.

Chamilo LMS versions 1.11.38 and earlier contain a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the user registration form that allows any unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript in an administrator's browser session, leading to full platform admin account takeover. This has been patched in 1.11.40.

Mettle SendPortal 3.0.1 and earlier contains a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the template management functionality. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the content parameter of the /templates endpoint, allowing an attacker to persistently inject malicious JavaScript code that is executed in the browsers of users who access the affected template.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change __team_change_mode() clears team->ops with memset() before restoring safe dummy handlers via team_adjust_ops(). A concurrent team_xmit() running under RCU on another CPU can read team->ops.transmit during this window and call a NULL function pointer, crashing the kernel. The race requires a mode change (CAP_NET_ADMIN) concurrent with transmit on the team device. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 Oops: 0010 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI RIP: 0010:0x0 Call Trace: team_xmit (drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1853) dev_hard_start_xmit (net/core/dev.c:3904) __dev_queue_xmit (net/core/dev.c:4871) packet_sendmsg (net/packet/af_packet.c:3109) __sys_sendto (net/socket.c:2265) The original code assumed that no ports means no traffic, so mode changes could freely memset()/memcpy() the ops. AF_PACKET with forced carrier breaks that assumption. Prevent the race instead of making it safe: replace memset()/memcpy() with per-field updates that never touch transmit or receive. Those two handlers are managed solely by team_adjust_ops(), which already installs dummies when tx_en_port_count == 0 (always true during mode change since no ports are present). WRITE_ONCE/READ_ONCE prevent store/load tearing on the handler pointers. synchronize_net() before exit_op() drains in-flight readers that may still reference old mode state from before port removal switched the handlers to dummies.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: stub: Reject I2C block transfers with invalid length The I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA case in stub_xfer() uses data->block[0] as the transfer length. The existing check only clamps it to avoid overrunning the chip->words[256] register array, but does not validate it against I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX (32), which is the limit of the union i2c_smbus_data.block buffer (34 bytes total). The driver is a development/test tool (CONFIG_I2C_STUB=m, not built by default) that must be loaded with a chip_addr= parameter. A local user with access to /dev/i2c-* can issue an I2C_SMBUS ioctl with I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA and data->block[0] > 32, causing stub_xfer() to read or write past the end of the union i2c_smbus_data.block buffer: BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in stub_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-stub.c:223) Read of size 1 at addr ffff88800abcfd92 by task exploit/81 Call Trace: <TASK> stub_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-stub.c:223) __i2c_smbus_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-core-smbus.c:593) i2c_smbus_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-core-smbus.c:536) i2cdev_ioctl_smbus (drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c:391) i2cdev_ioctl (drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c:478) __x64_sys_ioctl (fs/ioctl.c:583) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130) </TASK> The bug exists because i2c-stub implements .smbus_xfer directly, bypassing the I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX validation in i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(). The I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA case in the same function correctly validates against I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX, but the I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA case does not. Fix by rejecting transfers with data->block[0] == 0 or data->block[0] > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX with -EINVAL, consistent with both the I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA case in the same function and the I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA validation in i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Reject BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE creation if BPF LSM is uninitialized When CONFIG_BPF_LSM=y is set, BPF inode storage maps (BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE) are compiled into the kernel. However, if the BPF LSM is not explicitly enabled at boot time (e.g. omitted from the "lsm=" boot parameter), lsm_prepare() is never executed for the BPF LSM. Consequently, the BPF inode security blob offset (bpf_lsm_blob_sizes.lbs_inode) is never initialized and remains at its default compiled size of 8 bytes instead of being updated to a valid offset past the reserved struct rcu_head (typically 16 bytes or more). When a privileged user creates and updates a BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE map, bpf_inode() evaluates inode->i_security + 8. This erroneously aliases the struct rcu_head.func callback pointer at the beginning of the inode->i_security blob. During subsequent map element cleanup or inode destruction, writing NULL to owner_storage clears the queued RCU callback pointer. When rcu_do_batch() later executes the queued callback, it attempts an instruction fetch at address 0x0, triggering an immediate kernel panic. Fix this by introducing a global bpf_lsm_initialized boolean flag marked with __ro_after_init. Set this flag to true inside bpf_lsm_init() when the LSM framework successfully registers the BPF LSM. Gate map allocation in inode_storage_map_alloc() on this flag, returning -EOPNOTSUPP if the BPF LSM is in turn uninitialized. This fail-fast approach prevents userspace from allocating inode storage maps when the supporting BPF LSM infrastructure is absent, avoiding zombie map states.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: i801: fix hardware state machine corruption in error path A severe livelock and subsequent Hung Task panic were observed in the i2c-i801 driver during concurrent Fuzzing. The crash is caused by an unconditional hardware register cleanup in the error handling path of i801_access(). When i801_check_pre() fails (e.g., returning -EBUSY because the SMBus controller is actively used by BIOS/ACPI), the kernel does not actually acquire the hardware ownership. However, the code jumps to the 'out' label and executes: iowrite8(SMBHSTSTS_INUSE_STS | STATUS_FLAGS, SMBHSTSTS(priv)); This forcefully clears the INUSE_STS lock and resets the hardware status flags without owning the controller. Doing so interrupts ongoing BIOS/ACPI transactions and totally corrupts the SMBus hardware state machine. Consequently, all subsequent i801_access() calls fail at the pre-check stage, triggering an endless stream of "SMBus is busy, can't use it!" error logs. Over a slow serial console, this printk flood monopolizes the CPU (Console Livelock), starving other processes trying to acquire the mmap_lock down_read semaphore, ultimately triggering the hung task watchdog. Fix this by moving the 'out' label below the hardware register cleanup. If i801_check_pre() fails, we safely bypass the iowrite8() and only release the software locks (pm_runtime and mutex), strictly adhering to the rule of not releasing resources that were never acquired.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: cancel pending_rx_work before taking conn->lock l2cap_conn_del() takes conn->lock and then calls cancel_work_sync() for pending_rx_work. process_pending_rx() takes the same mutex, so teardown can deadlock against the worker it is flushing. This issue was found by our static analysis tool and then manually reviewed against the current tree. The grounded PoC kept the l2cap_conn_ready() -> queue_work(..., &conn->pending_rx_work) submit path, the l2cap_conn_del() -> cancel_work_sync(&conn->pending_rx_work) teardown path, and the process_pending_rx() -> mutex_lock(&conn->lock) worker edge. Lockdep WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected process_pending_rx+0x21/0x2a [vuln_msv] l2cap_conn_del.constprop.0+0x3f/0x4e [vuln_msv] *** DEADLOCK *** Cancel pending_rx_work before taking conn->lock, matching the existing lock-before-drain ordering used for the two delayed works in the same teardown path. The pending_rx queue is still purged after the work has been cancelled and conn->lock has been acquired.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: dualpi2: fix GSO backlog accounting When DualPI2 splits a GSO skb into N segments, it propagates N additional packets to its parent before returning NET_XMIT_SUCCESS. The parent then accounts for the original skb once more, leaving its qlen one larger than the number of packets actually queued. With QFQ as the parent, after all real packets are dequeued, QFQ still has a non-zero qlen while its in-service aggregate has no active classes. qfq_choose_next_agg() returns NULL and qfq_dequeue() passes the result to qfq_peek_skb(), causing a NULL pointer dereference. Follow the same pattern used by tbf_segment() and taprio: count only successfully queued segments, propagate the difference between the original skb and those segments, and return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS whenever at least one segment was queued.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfs: fail recovery on a committed log item with no regions If the first op of a transaction is a bare transaction header (len == sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header)), xlog_recover_add_to_trans() adds an item but no region, leaving it on r_itemq with ri_cnt == 0 and ri_buf == NULL. The header can be split across op records, so later ops may still add regions; the item is only invalid if the transaction commits with none. The runtime commit path never emits such a transaction, so this only happens on a crafted log. It came from an AI-assisted code audit of the recovery parser. xlog_recover_reorder_trans() calls ITEM_TYPE() on the item, which reads *(unsigned short *)item->ri_buf[0].iov_base and faults on the NULL ri_buf. Reject it there, before the commit handlers that also read ri_buf[0]. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] RIP: 0010:xlog_recover_reorder_trans (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:1836) xlog_recover_commit_trans (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:2043) xlog_recover_process_data (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:2501) xlog_do_recovery_pass (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:3244) xlog_recover (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:3493) xfs_log_mount (fs/xfs/xfs_log.c:618) xfs_mountfs (fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c:1034) xfs_fs_fill_super (fs/xfs/xfs_super.c:1938) vfs_get_tree (fs/super.c:1695) path_mount (fs/namespace.c:4161) __x64_sys_mount (fs/namespace.c:4367)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: qualcomm: rmnet: fix endpoint use-after-free in rmnet_dellink() rmnet_dellink() removes the endpoint from the hash table with hlist_del_init_rcu() and then immediately frees it with kfree(). However, RCU readers on the receive path (rmnet_rx_handler -> __rmnet_map_ingress_handler) may still hold a reference to the endpoint and dereference ep->egress_dev after the memory has been freed. The endpoint is a kmalloc-32 object, and the stale read at offset 8 corresponds to the egress_dev pointer. BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffde942eef Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 137 Comm: poc_write Not tainted 7.0.0+ #4 PREEMPTLAZY RIP: 0010:rmnet_vnd_rx_fixup (rmnet_vnd.c:27) Call Trace: <TASK> __rmnet_map_ingress_handler (rmnet_handlers.c:48 rmnet_handlers.c:101) rmnet_rx_handler (rmnet_handlers.c:129 rmnet_handlers.c:235) __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0 (net/core/dev.c:6096) __netif_receive_skb_one_core (net/core/dev.c:6208) netif_receive_skb (net/core/dev.c:6467) tun_get_user (drivers/net/tun.c:1955) tun_chr_write_iter (drivers/net/tun.c:2003) vfs_write (fs/read_write.c:688) ksys_write (fs/read_write.c:740) </TASK> Add an rcu_head field to struct rmnet_endpoint and replace kfree() with kfree_rcu() so the endpoint memory remains valid through the RCU grace period. Also remove the rmnet_vnd_dellink() call and inline only the nr_rmnet_devs decrement, since rmnet_vnd_dellink() would set ep->egress_dev to NULL during the grace period, creating a data race with lockless readers.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: fix race between dump and ip_set_list resize The release path of ip_set_dump_do() and ip_set_dump_done() read inst->ip_set_list via ip_set_ref_netlink(), a plain rcu_dereference_raw() of the array pointer. These run from netlink_recvmsg() without the nfnl mutex and without an RCU read-side critical section. A concurrent ip_set_create() can grow the array: it publishes the new array, calls synchronize_net() and then kvfree()s the old one. Since the dump paths read the array outside any RCU reader, synchronize_net() does not wait for them and the old array can be freed while they still index into it, causing a use-after-free. The dumped set itself stays pinned via set->ref_netlink, so only the array load needs protecting. Take rcu_read_lock() around it, matching ip_set_get_byname() and __ip_set_put_byindex(). BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ip_set_dump_do (net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c:1697) Read of size 8 at addr ffff88800b5c4018 by task exploit/150 Call Trace: ... kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:595) ip_set_dump_do (net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c:1697) netlink_dump (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2325) netlink_recvmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1976) sock_recvmsg (net/socket.c:1159) __sys_recvfrom (net/socket.c:2315) ... Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address ... KASAN NOPTI KASAN: maybe wild-memory-access in range [0x02d6...d0-0x02d6...d7] RIP: 0010:ip_set_dump_do (net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c:1698) Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.12.2, `EnvironmentManager.listBackups()` reads each backup's `_manifest.json` and trusts the manifest's `path` field. `EnvironmentManager.pruneBackups()` later passes that trusted `entry.path` directly to `rmSync(entry.path, { recursive: true, force: true })`. An attacker who can place or modify a manifest inside `data/<env>/.backups/<name>/_manifest.json` can cause `network-ai env backup prune --env <env> --keep <n>` or any code path invoking `pruneBackups()` to recursively delete an arbitrary path accessible to the Network-AI process user. This is fixed in v5.12.2. `pruneBackups()` no longer passes `entry.path` from the on-disk manifest to `rmSync`. The deletion path is recomputed from a format-validated `entry.backupId`, and a `dirname` containment check confines deletion to exactly one level under the backups directory. A poisoned manifest (e.g. `"path": "/"`) is now inert.

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.12.2, `EnvironmentManager.restore(env, backupId)` computes the backup path with `join(envDir, '.backups', backupId)` and only checks that this path exists. It does not resolve the result or verify that it remains under `data/<env>/.backups`. A caller can pass a traversal backup ID such as `../../../outside/source-dir` to restore files from an arbitrary directory into the target environment data directory. The issue is fixed in v5.12.2. `restore()` now validates `backupId` against `/^[\w\-]+$/` and asserts `dirname(resolve(join(backupsDir, backupId))) === resolve(backupsDir)` before touching the filesystem. Backup IDs containing path separators or `..` are rejected, so a crafted ID can no longer copy directories from outside `.backups/` into the environment.

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.12.2, `EnvironmentManager.backup()` recursively collects files using `_collectBackupFiles()`. `_collectBackupFiles()` uses `statSync(full)`, which follows symlinks. If `data/<env>` contains a symlink to a directory outside the environment root, backup recursion follows the symlink and copies external files into `data/<env>/.backups/<backupId>/`. An attacker who can place a symlink under the environment data directory can cause backup operations to disclose files outside the environment root into backup artifacts. The issue is fixed in v5.12.2. `_collectBackupFiles()` now uses `lstatSync` instead of `statSync` and skips any entry where `isSymbolicLink()` is true. Symlinks are never traversed, so `backup()` can no longer follow a link out of the environment root and copy external files into a backup artifact.

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.12.2, `AgentRuntime` promises scoped file access under a configured sandbox `basePath`, but its path containment checks use raw string prefix tests. A sandbox base such as `/tmp/network-ai-sandbox` also matches a sibling path such as `/tmp/network-ai-sandbox_evil/secret.txt`. An agent/user that can call `AgentRuntime.readFile()` or `AgentRuntime.listDir()` can read or list files outside the intended sandbox when the target path is in a sibling directory sharing the base path prefix. This breaks the documented sandbox boundary. The issue is fixed in v5.12.2. `SandboxPolicy.resolvePath()` and `isPathAllowed()` now use separator-anchored prefix checks (`resolved === base || resolved.startsWith(base + path.sep)`) for both the allow-list and block-list. A sibling directory that merely shares a name prefix (e.g. `/srv/app-evil` vs base `/srv/app`) is no longer treated as in-scope.

Network-AI, a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator, has a shipped, exported, documented feature called `ApprovalInbox` (`lib/approval-inbox.ts`). It is the network surface of the human-in-the-loop Approval Gate, which `ApprovalGate` uses to require explicit human approval for high-risk operations. The HTTP server it exposes has no authentication of any kind and sets `Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` on every route, including the state-changing `POST /approvals/:id/approve` and `/deny`. As a result, in versions 5.0.0 through 5.12.1, any party who can send an HTTP request to the inbox port — a co-located process, a container/SSRF on the same host, a remote client when the operator binds a non-loopback address, or any website the operator visits in a browser (via the wildcard CORS) — can enumerate pending approvals and approve them, defeating the entire human-in-the-loop control and causing the gated high-risk action (e.g. a shell command the agent was holding for review) to execute without consent. This issue is fixed in v5.12.2. `ApprovalInbox` now accepts a `secret` option. When set, the mutating endpoints `POST /:id/approve` and `POST /:id/deny` require an `Authorization: Bearer <secret>` header, validated in constant time with `crypto.timingSafeEqual`. `startServer()` already binds to `127.0.0.1` by default; operators exposing the inbox on a network must set a secret.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a vulnerability concerning the processing of RDP Confirm Active PDU, where during the capability negotiation phase, the parser did not perform sufficient length validation for specific capability sets. A remote, unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted RDP packet containing malformed capability data. Due to missing bounds checks, the xrdp process may perform out-of-bounds memory reads, which can result in the termination of the service (Denial of Service). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a vulnerability concerning the processing of Client Control PDUs. During the RDP connection sequence, the parser does not perform sufficient length validation before reading specific data fields from the network stream. A remote, unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted, truncated Client Control PDU. Due to missing bounds checks, the xrdp process may perform out-of-bounds memory reads, which can result in the termination of the service (Denial of Service). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service.This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. In versions 0.10.6 and prior, a n issue was discovered where the software fails to properly validate the totalLength field within the RDP protocol control header during packet reception. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted packet that forces the xrdp process or thread into an infinite, CPU-bound loop. Because the internal pointer fails to advance and the deadlock prevention mechanism is bypassed for specific protocol data unit types, the process consumes excessive CPU resources indefinitely. This can render the xrdp service unavailable and potentially lead to system-wide resource exhaustion if multiple malicious connections are established. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

A CSRF vulnerability exists in the `zone-include.php` script in Revive Adserver 6.0.7. Linking and unlinking banners or campaigns to zones could be triggered via crafted GET or POST requests without any verification of the CSRF token, allowing an attacker to perform these actions on behalf of an authenticated administrator.

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.9.1, the agent sandbox gates shell commands behind an allowlist (`SandboxPolicy.isCommandAllowed`), which THREAT_MODEL.md calls the main control against a compromised agent (Adversary 3.2). The allowlist glob-matches the whole command string, but `ShellExecutor` runs that string through `/bin/sh -c`. So any wildcard allow such as `git *`, `npm *` or `node *` also matches `git status; <anything>`, and a scoped command becomes arbitrary execution. The issue is fixed in v5.9.1. `ShellExecutor` now executes via `spawn(file, args, { shell: false })` using a quote-aware parsed argv, so no shell is invoked. `SandboxPolicy.isCommandAllowed` and the new `SandboxPolicy.tokenizeCommand` reject any unquoted shell metacharacter (`; & | $ ` ` ` ( ) < > { }` newline) or unterminated quote before the allowlist glob match; quoted metacharacters are preserved as literal argument data. Users should upgrade to `network-ai@5.9.1` or later. As defense in depth, avoid broad wildcard allowlist entries such as `node *` / `npm *` which are direct code execution by design.

In nanomq versions 0.24.11 and earlier, a NULL pointer dereference in `nni_mqttv5_msg_decode_connect()` allows a malicious MQTT broker to crash any connecting NanoMQ MQTTv5 client (including bridge mode) with a single packet, causing remote denial of service via SIGSEGV. In `nni_mqttv5_msg_decode_connect()` (`mqtt_codec.c:1863`), the code iterates over CONNECT properties using variable `prop` when it should use `will_prop`. When a CONNECT packet has no connect-level properties (`prop == NULL`) but has will properties (`will_prop != NULL`), dereferencing `prop->next` causes SIGSEGV at address `0x38` (NULL + `offsetof(property, next)`). This affects both `nanomq_cli` and **NanoMQ bridge mode** (Core component), as both use the same `mqtt_client.c` receive path. This can lead to remote DoS if a malicious MQTT broker can crash the client process with a single 35-byte packet and persistent DoS if auto-reconnect causes infinite crash loop.

In nanomq versions 0.24.11 and earlier, a NULL pointer dereference in `properties_parse()` allows an authenticated attacker to crash the NanoMQ broker by sending a POST request to `/api/v4/mqtt/publish` with `user_properties` as a JSON array instead of a JSON object. The crash occurs because `strlen()` is called on a NULL `item->string` pointer when iterating over array elements. An authenticated attacker can exploit this to crash the NanoMQ broker process. This is patched in version 0.24.14.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability within the virtual channel forwarding mechanism. When forwarding data from a remote client to the internal channel server, the xrdp process utilizes a fixed-size buffer without adequate bounds checking on the incoming payload. An authenticated remote attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted virtual channel message that exceeds the buffer capacity, leading to heap memory corruption. This may result in a denial of service or the execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the xrdp process. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

WhatsApp MCP Server is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for WhatsApp, enabling Claude to read and send WhatsApp messages. Prior to version 0.2.1, the `whatsapp-bridge` HTTP API listens on `127.0.0.1:8080` without authentication and without Host header validation, and the `/api/send` endpoint accepts an absolute `media_path` parameter without confining it to a safe directory. Combined, these issues allow any local process running as the same user as the bridge to send WhatsApp messages from the paired account without authorization; the same caller to read arbitrary files readable by the user (e.g. SSH private keys, browser session data, source code, dotfiles) and exfiltrate them as WhatsApp document attachments; and/or a remote attacker to trigger the same operations via DNS rebinding from a webpage the user visits, since no Host header validation is performed. In MCP environments, "local caller" extends beyond processes the user explicitly launched — sibling MCP servers, IDE extensions, and tool-triggered flows running in the user's session can act as the effective caller. This issue is fixed in whatsapp-mcp v0.2.1 and corresponding Docker images / release artifacts. Users should upgrade immediately. The fix introduces bearer token authentication on the bridge HTTP API (configured via environment variable, required on all requests, validated with constant-time comparison); host header allow-list validation to prevent DNS rebinding; and confinement of `media_path` to a configured directory, with rejection of absolute paths outside the root and path traversal sequences. This is a breaking change for clients of the bridge API. For users who cannot immediately upgrade: Stop the bridge, or block loopback access to port 8080, when the bridge is not actively in use; avoid running the bridge alongside untrusted MCP servers, browser extensions, or other untrusted local processes; avoid browsing untrusted sites while the bridge is running (DNS rebinding mitigation); and/or run the bridge under a dedicated user account or in a sandbox/container with no access to sensitive files.

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to version 5.4.5, the MCP SSE server defaults to an empty secret (`process.env['NETWORK_AI_MCP_SECRET'] ?? ''` at `bin/mcp-server.ts:89`), which causes `_isAuthorized` (`lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:254`) to return `true` unconditionally for every request — no `Authorization` header is required. Simultaneously, `_handleRequest` sets `Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` (`lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:272`) on every response, so a cross-origin browser fetch can read the result without restriction. An unauthenticated attacker who can lure a user to a malicious web page can invoke all 22 exposed MCP tools — including `config_set`, `agent_spawn`, and `blackboard_write` — against a default-configured localhost server. Version 5.4.5 patches the issue.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a missing bounds check in xrdp, which allows a heap-based buffer overflow when operating in vnc-any mode. The issue occurs during the handling of RFB protocol color map messages from a VNC server, where incoming color indices are not properly validated. A malicious VNC server can exploit this flaw by sending crafted messages with out-of-range values, leading to an out-of-bounds write on the heap. This memory corruption can result in a denial of service (DoS) or potentially allow remote code execution (RCE) prior to authentication. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain an integer overflow vulnerability when processing screen update messages within the vnc-any connection mode. A malicious remote VNC server can send crafted image dimensions that cause an integer overflow during memory buffer size calculation, resulting in an undersized allocation. Subsequent processing of the incoming image data using the original oversized parameters leads to an out-of-bounds read. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit this flaw to disclose sensitive information from the heap memory or cause a denial of service (DoS) via a process crash. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

Webmin is a web-based system administration tool for Unix-like servers. Prior to version 2.640, for Webmin accounts that require a second authentication factor (typically TOTP), an attacker with knowledge of the username and password can bypass the 2FA requirement by using Basic authentication. Webmin is a web-based system administration tool for Unix-like servers. As a workaround, apply the patch from commit da18a16c84ae5c0b78cad79609cb0efb174000ec manually.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a timing side-channel vulnerability in the login interface. Due to a discrepancy in response processing times, a remote attacker can infer the existence of a username on the system, leading to unauthorized information disclosure via username enumeration. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

libvips is a fast image processing library with low memory needs. The EXIF decoder within libvips versions before and including 8.18.1 was not verifying the range of EXIF tag groups before passing data to libexif, leading to a possible null pointer dereference and crash. This has been patched in version 8.18.2.

libvips is a fast image processing library with low memory needs. The `tiffload` operation in libvips versions before and including 8.18.1 could incorrectly determine the number of channels in a JPEG or JPEG2000-encoded tile within a TIFF image, leading to a possible buffer overflow. This has been patched in version 8.18.2.

Frappe LMS is an open source learning management system. In version 2.51.0 and earlier, a user could bypass payment validation for courses by using unrelated batch. This has been patched in 2.52.0 with enrollment now validating that the batch is linked to course.

Due to a missing sanitization call in [`afsql_dd_run_query`](https://github.com/syslog-ng/syslog-ng/blob/649e6e18e3459fb4467000a88dfb12fa97f9719c/modules/afsql/afsql.c#L219), syslog-ng before 4.12 are vulnerable to SQL injection from an untrusted source. This is not part of the default configuration, the SQL driver has to be manually configured. Fixes are in syslog-ng 4.12, syslog-ng Premium Edition 8.2 and syslog-ng Store Box 7.8

In egroupware version 26.0 and earlier, an authenticated administrator can achieve OS-level Remote Code Execution (RCE) by uploading a malicious eTemplate XML file (`.xet`) to the VFS `/etemplates` mount. The `Widget::expand_name()` method passes template widget attribute values directly into a PHP `eval()` call with only double-quote escaping applied - **backtick characters are not escaped**. In PHP, backticks inside a double-quoted `eval()` string execute shell commands. This allows an admin-level user to escalate from web application access to arbitrary OS command execution on the server.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, a low-privileged authenticated API user can supply `forwardToUrl` and `redirectUrl` values when triggering password reset or confirmation flows. Those values are then embedded into the outgoing email workflow without host allowlisting. This creates two related abuse paths: - password reset or confirmation links can be sent to a victim with the token already attached to an attacker-controlled `forwardToUrl` - after a legitimate password reset completes, the browser is redirected to attacker-controlled `redirectUrl` In practice, this can be used for phishing, token capture, confirmation hijacking, or steering a victim from a trusted email into an attacker domain. This is patched in version 26.06.08.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, the application accepts unlimited password guesses against both the browser login flow and the JSON login endpoint. The source code enables Devise's `:lockable` module on the user model but explicitly disables both lock and unlock strategies, and no request throttling or rate-limiting layer was identified in the Rails code. This creates a direct online password-guessing risk: - valid user accounts can be attacked continuously without temporary lockout - the same weakness is reachable through both `/users/sign_in` and `/api/v4/auth/login` - successful guessing yields a normal session cookie in the HTML flow or a fresh JWT in the API flow - the API endpoint is especially attractive for automation because it requires no CSRF token This has been patched in version 26.06.08.

libvips is a fast image processing library with low memory needs. The `vipsload` operation in versions before and including 8.18.0 could incorrectly determine image dimensions leading to an integer overflow and a subsequent heap-based buffer overflow. This has been patched in version 8.18.1.

libvips is a fast image processing library with low memory needs. On 32-bit systems in versions before and including 8.18.0, the `gifload` operation could incorrectly determine dimensions leading to an integer overflow. This has been patched in version 8.18.1.

The Piwigo installer in versions 16.3.0 and earlier accepts POST parameters for database configuration and writes them directly into a PHP configuration file without proper sanitization. On PHP 8+, the `addslashes()` protection is bypassed because it checks for `get_magic_quotes_gpc()`, a function removed in PHP 8.0. This allows raw user input to be interpolated directly into PHP source code. An unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary PHP code through POST parameters (prefix, dbpasswd, dbhost, dbname, or dbuser), which gets written to `local/config/database.inc.php` and executed on every page load.

NanoMQ contains a protocol-semantics flaw in its MQTT v5 `SUBSCRIBE` handling: if a subscription entry is missing the final 1-byte `Subscription Options` field, the broker may still accept the malformed packet and install the subscription into internal broker state. Under a specific packet-length construction, the same parser flaw also causes a 1-byte out-of-bounds read that crosses the real heap allocation boundary and is detected by ASAN as a `heap-buffer-overflow`. If the consumed byte happens to look acceptable, NanoMQ may continue and append the malformed subscription entry into its internal `subinfol` state. In that case, a `SUBSCRIBE` packet that should be rejected by MQTT rules is instead treated as a successful subscription. Whether ASAN reports the bug does not depend on MQTT's logical `remain` boundary; it depends on whether the read crosses the real heap allocation boundary of the underlying message buffer. In other words, these are not two unrelated issues. They are two manifestations of the same parsing defect: by default, it appears as a semantic vulnerability, and under suitable input conditions, it also becomes a verifiable out-of-bounds read vulnerability.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, any authenticated user can request arbitrary partials or helper-backed render functions through /remote_render. The endpoint does not restrict which partial can be rendered and does not apply controller-specific authorization before rendering the selected view. This enables a low-privileged user to retrieve server-side rendered admin content that is otherwise hidden by navigation and route checks. On the test instance, a Standard user was able to retrieve the PostgreSQL admin dashboard stats even though /admin itself redirected away. This is patched in 26.06.08.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, a Standard user can enumerate other users' names and email addresses through `/users/search`, even though direct access to those user profiles is denied. This leaks internal staff addresses, full names, and existence of guest and external test accounts.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, the documentation and static markdown renderer accepts attacker-controlled path segments and only runs them through the Rails HTML sanitizer, which does not remove directory traversal sequences. An unauthenticated attacker can traverse out of the intended `docs` or `static` directories and render arbitrary `.md` files from the application root or engine root. This is patched in version 26.06.08.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, any authenticated API user who has their own access token can ask the collection API to evaluate permissions as a different user by supplying `user_email`. If the target user has collections, this can expose those collections through the API. In V4, once a collection id is known, the same controller also offers `add_item` and `remove_item` routes without any object-level `authorize!` checks, creating a likely cross-user modification path. This is patched in version 26.06.08.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, the application exposes server-side state changes through `GET` routes. Because browsers automatically send cookies on same-site top-level navigation and Rails does not apply CSRF protections to `GET`, an attacker can force a logged-in victim to modify application state by embedding a link, image, iframe, or redirect to one of these endpoints. This was confirmed on the target with a normal `Standard` account: a cross-site-style `GET` to `watch_lists/:id/add_item?thing_id=...` inserted content into a watch list with no CSRF token. Additional `GET` mutation routes exist in the codebase, including user impersonation for authorized admins and cache or translation state changes. This is patched in version 26.06.08.

Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting') vulnerability in Bifra Engineering Consulting Ltd. Q-smart NexT Poll allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Q-smart NexT Poll: before 1.8.7.

rConfig Core before 8.2.8 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated users to assign arbitrary roles to any account by submitting an unvalidated role field through the Users API during user creation or profile updates. Attackers can exploit the missing allowlist validation and absent admin-level authorization check in StoreUserRequest to mass-assign the Admin role directly to the User model, granting access to privileged features. rConfig Pro and Enterprise are not affected.

HeyForm is an open-source form builder. Prior to version 3.0.0-rc.9, `completeSubmission` accepts a `hiddenFields: [{id, name, value}]` array from the submitter and stores it verbatim in `submission.hiddenFields`, without validating the supplied `id`/`name` against the form's declared `form.hiddenFields` schema. An anonymous form submitter can therefore inject arbitrary key/value pairs (including XSS payloads, fake authorization metadata, integration-relevant values) into the stored submission. These fields are subsequently forwarded as-is to every webhook integration registered on the form. Version 3.0.0-rc.9 contains a patch for the issue.

HeyForm is an open-source form builder. Prior to version 3.0.0-rc.9, `POST /api/upload` has no authentication guard, no global guard, no form-context validation, no `openToken` requirement, and no session cookie check. Any anonymous internet user can upload files (PDF, DOC/DOCX, XLS/XLSX, CSV, TXT, MP4, images, etc., up to 10 MB) and receive a permanent public URL on the HeyForm domain. The endpoint is used by both authenticated form creators and unauthenticated form submitters; because no form-context binding exists, every request to it is anonymously accepted. Version 3.0.0-rc.9 contains a patch for the issue.

Directory Traversal vulnerability in FileThingie v.2.5.7 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a crafted request.

An issue in FileThingie v.2.5.7 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the ft2.php component.

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.30.1, the fix for GHSA-fpxj-m5q8-fphw (CVE-2026-45710, "Mailpit: Set a default 50MB p/m limit to prevent DoS via unlimited SMTP DATA and /api/v1/send body sizes") wrapped only `POST /api/v1/send` with `http.MaxBytesReader`. The four other Mailpit JSON-body API endpoints `PUT /api/v1/messages` (SetReadStatus), `DELETE /api/v1/messages` (DeleteMessages), `PUT /api/v1/tags` (SetMessageTags), and `POST /api/v1/message/{id}/release` (ReleaseMessage) still call `json.NewDecoder(r.Body)` directly with no body-size cap and remain reachable unauthenticated in the default `docker run axllent/mailpit:latest` deploy. An unauthenticated remote attacker can post a multi-million-element `IDs` slice and drive RSS from ~25 MiB baseline to ~450 MiB per 16 MB request body. Repeating across multiple connections accumulates the same per-request amplification per process. Version 1.30.1 contains a patch.

@beproduct/nestjs-auth is a NestJS authentication module for BeProduct IDS (Identity Server) with OpenID Connect support. Between 2026-05-11 20:19 UTC and 22:56 UTC, an attacker used a compromised npm publish token to publish 18 malicious versions of `@beproduct/nestjs-auth` (0.1.2 through 0.1.19). The postinstall payload attempted to harvest npm tokens (from `~/.npmrc`); GitHub personal access tokens, OAuth tokens (`gho_*`), and Actions OIDC tokens; AWS credentials (from environment variables and `~/.aws/credentials`); HashiCorp Vault tokens; and other secrets present in environment variables. Version `0.1.20` is a clean republish from the original `0.1.1` source tree. Anyone who installed any version in the range `>=0.1.2 <=0.1.19` should remove the package and clean the npm cache; install the clean version; rotate every credential present in the install environment, including all npm publish tokens, all GitHub PATs and OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, HashiCorp Vault tokens, and any other secret that was in env vars or config files at install time; scan affected hosts for indicators of compromise and, if any are found, treat the host as compromised and reimage; and check committed repository history for unexpected additions in `.claude/` or `.vscode/` directories. The worm is known to commit `setup.mjs` + hook configs to PR branches via automated agent runtimes.

The Caddy Defender plugin is a middleware for Caddy that allows users to block or manipulate requests based on the client's IP address. Prior to version 0.10.1, Caddy Defender used `r.RemoteAddr` when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. `RemoteAddr` is the address of the immediate peer connected to Caddy. In deployments where Caddy is behind a trusted proxy, CDN, or load balancer, the immediate peer is usually the proxy, not the original client. Caddy resolves the original client address into its `client_ip` request variable after applying the configured `trusted_proxies` policy, but Defender did not use that value. As a result, clients from blocked IP ranges could bypass Defender when accessing Caddy through a trusted proxy whose own IP address was not blocked. This affects deployments that use Defender behind trusted proxies and expect it to enforce blocking based on the real client IP. The issue is fixed in version 0.10.1 by making Defender prefer Caddys resolved `client_ip` request variable when it is available. Defender falls back to `RemoteAddr` only when Caddy has not provided a resolved client IP. There is no complete workaround in affected Defender versions for deployments that rely on Caddy's trusted proxy client IP resolution. Until upgrading, affected users should enforce equivalent IP blocking at the trusted proxy, CDN, load balancer, firewall, or other edge layer before traffic reaches Caddy. Deployments where Caddy receives traffic directly from clients, without an intermediate trusted proxy, are not affected by this bypass.

lettre is a a mailer library for Rust. Starting in version 0.10.1 and prior to version 0.11.22, an inverted-boolean bug in lettre's `boring-tls` integration silently disables TLS hostname verification for callers using the default (strict) configuration. An on-path attacker presenting any chain-valid certificate for any domain can intercept SMTP submission, including PLAIN/LOGIN credentials and message contents, against any lettre user built with the `boring-tls` feature. Other TLS backends (`native-tls`, `rustls`) are unaffected. Version 0.11.22 patches the issue.

Rust OneNote File Parser is a parser for Microsoft OneNote files implemented in Rust. Prior to version 1.1.1, a maliciously crafted `.onetoc2` table-of-contents file can cause `Parser::parse_notebook` to open arbitrary files on the host filesystem outside the notebook's directory. The parser reads entry names listed inside the `.onetoc2` and joins them against the notebook's base directory without validating that they are relative paths confined to that directory. The parser will bail out when the target file fails to parse as a OneNote section, so direct content exfiltration through the parser's return value is not practical, though file-existence probing and denial-of-service via large or special files remain possible. Anyone using `onenote_parser` to parse .onetoc2 files received from untrusted sources is affected. Users who only ever parse their own notebooks are not at meaningful risk. The issue is fixed in onenote_parser 1.1.1. The fix rejects absolute paths, parent-directory components, and other invalid path characters in entry names, and additionally canonicalises the resolved path to confirm it stays inside the notebook's base directory. For users who cannot upgrade to 1.1.1, only call `Parser::parse_notebook` on `.onetoc2` files from trusted sources. Alternatively, use `Parser::parse_section` / `Parser::parse_section_buffer` on individual .one files, which do not perform the directory walk.

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. The fix for GHSA-6jxm-fv7w-rw5j (CVE-2026-23845, "Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via HTML Check API"), shipped in mailpit `v1.28.3`, hardened `internal/htmlcheck/css.go::downloadCSSToBytes` with a 5MB size cap, a `text/css` content-type check, login-info stripping in `isValidURL`, and an opt-in `--block-remote-css-and-fonts` config flag — but did not add the IP-filtering dialer that the same codebase already uses on the two sister SSRF endpoints (the proxy handler and link-check). Prior to version 1.30.0, `internal/htmlcheck/css.go::newSafeHTTPClient` is mis-named — it builds an `http.Client` whose `Transport.DialContext` calls `net.Dialer.DialContext` directly with no IP allowlisting. As a result, the SSRF originally reported by Bao Anh Phan still permits the server to dial loopback, private, link-local, and any other reserved/multicast range, provided the target replies with `HTTP/200` and a content-type beginning with `text/css`. With redirect-following (`CheckRedirect` allows redirects to any `isValidURL` URL with no IP filter), an attacker-controlled public site can redirect mailpit's request into the private network without ever appearing in the email's HTML. In the default mailpit deploy (no UI auth, no SMTP auth, port 1025/8025 exposed), this is an unauthenticated, network-reachable SSRF triggered by sending an HTML email and then issuing one HTTP `GET` to `/api/v1/message/{id}/html-check`. Version 1.30.0 contains an updated fix.

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.30.0, the mailpit dump --http <base-url> <out-dir> sub-command downloads every message from a remote Mailpit instance and writes each one as <id>.eml inside the user-supplied output directory. The message ID field is taken verbatim from the JSON response of the remote server and concatenated into the output path with path.Join, which silently normalizes `..` segments. A malicious HTTP server impersonating Mailpit can therefore make mailpit dump write attacker-controlled bytes to any path the running user can write, fully outside the intended output directory. Version 1.30.0 contains a patch.

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.30.0, the screenshot/print proxy (/proxy?data=…) maintains a package-level assets map[string]MessageAssets cache, but reads the map without holding assetsMutex while a long-running cleanup goroutine and (re-entrant) CSS-rewriting code path concurrently write to it under the lock. When the unsynchronized read coincides with a synchronized write, Go's runtime raises fatal error: concurrent map read and map write — a runtime.throw that is not recoverable by http.Server's handler-panic recover. The whole Mailpit process exits, taking the SMTP, POP3 and HTTP listeners down with it. Version 1.30.0 contains a patch.

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.30.0, the Mailpit SMTP server has a Server.MaxSize int field that controls the maximum allowed DATA payload size, but the field is never assigned anywhere outside test code, leaving it at Go's zero value (0 ⇒ "no limit"). The same applies to the HTTP /api/v1/send endpoint, whose request body is decoded with json.NewDecoder(r.Body) and no http.MaxBytesReader. Because Mailpit's default listeners bind [::]:1025 (SMTP) and [::]:8025 (HTTP), with no authentication required on either, a single network-reachable attacker can push an arbitrarily large message into Mailpit and watch RAM consumption spike with a ~7-10× amplification factor (raw frame → enmime envelope tree → search-text index → zstd-encoded write to SQLite). Repeating the attack — or running it concurrently from multiple connections — drives the process to OOM-kill. Version 1.30.0 contains a patch.

HeyForm is an open-source form builder. Prior to version 3.0.0-rc.7, the `/api/upload` endpoint allows unauthenticated file uploads including SVG files. Uploaded SVGs are stored in the static assets directory and served with `Content-Type: image/svg+xml` by Express's serve-static middleware, allowing an attacker to achieve stored cross-site scripting (XSS) on the heyform domain without any authentication. Version 3.0.0-rc.7 contains a patch for the issue.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, any unauthenticated attacker can place arbitrary HTML into flash notifications on public routes and rely on the frontend toast component to inject that content into the DOM with `innerHTML`. This creates a reflected DOM XSS that can be delivered with a crafted link to a public page such as `/docs`. Because the vulnerable JavaScript is loaded by the normal application layout, the issue is not limited to a special debug page or an isolated admin-only view.

HeyForm is an open-source form builder. Prior to version 3.0.0-rc.7, a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the form builder allows a low-privileged team member to inject malicious JavaScript that executes when a team owner views the form, leading to complete account takeover through privilege escalation. Version 3.0.0-rc.7 contains a patch for the issue.

HAProxy Community Edition 3.2.x through 3.3.x before 3.3.3 can enter a loop or crash because varint is mishandled. HAProxy Enterprise and ALOHA are also affected.

HAProxy Community Edition 3.0 through 3.3 before 3.3.3 lacks a length check for the NEW_TOKEN format. HAProxy Enterprise and ALOHA are also affected.

HDF5 is a high-performance library and a file format specification that implements the HDF5 data model. If a file is corrupted such that an array datatype's size, the number of elements, and the element size are not in agreement it can trigger an out of bounds read. The array datatype stores the full size of the datatype (`dt->shared->size`) separately from the number of elements (`dt->shared->u.array.nelem`) and the element size (`dt->shared->parent->shared->size`). If any one of these are corrupted so that they don't align with the others (element size * nelem = full size), it can lead to an out of bounds read. Depending on what is corrupted, it can alter the type of out of bounds read triggered. The vulnerability is present only in files that have been maliciously altered, as its generally not possible to independently alter the full size of the datatype, the element count and the element size. As such, this is only present if a malicious actor is altering files, and won't appear in regular usage.

HDF5 is a high-performance library and a file format specification that implements the HDF5 data model. If `H5Iget_name` is invoked on a group id with `0` for the size parameter, it will underflow when trying to place a null terminator in the buffer. This can occur if `H5Iget_name` is invoked in a way where `size` can be forced to zero, and there is important data before the `name` buffer.

A vulnerability has been identified in EGroupware that may lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The issue allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server. If user self-registration is enabled, the vulnerability may be exploitable without prior authentication. The vulnerability stems from improper authorization checks combined with a file write primitive and an arbitrary file read vulnerability, which together enable full system compromise. This has been patched in versions 26.2.20260224 and 23.1.20260224.

Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Prior to version 4.14.5, issues in the Cluster Distributed API (DAPI) handling allow a cluster peer, or any actor able to authenticate to the cluster channel using the shared cluster key, to make the master node deserialize an attacker-controlled callable and execute it under an attacker-controlled RBAC context. The cluster code in `framework/wazuh/core/cluster/common.py` deserializes JSON with `as_wazuh_object()`, which resolves any callable whose top-level package is wazuh or api (an overly broad allowlist controlled only by `ALLOWED_CALLABLES_PACKAGES`), and DAPI requests handled in framework/wazuh/core/cluster/dapi/dapi.py accept a client-supplied rbac_permissions value that `run_local()` applies as the global RBAC context, so supplying an rbac_mode of black causes authorization checks for expose_resources-protected functions to pass without any legitimate permission assignment. Combined, these allow privileged administrative actions on the master node such as arbitrary file writes under WAZUH_PATH, creation of new API users, and tampering with security.yaml, and can be chained into full manager compromise. This issue has been fixed in version 4.14.5.

dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, anyone with a DataLink UUID can fetch the attached text file directly, even if the link is expired, the caller is unauthenticated, or the normal show flow would have denied access. Because the route is public and the mailer embeds the direct file URL, any leaked, forwarded, logged, or stale email link can continue to expose the attachment.

HCL Commerce contains an privilege escalation vulnerability that could allow denial of service, disclosure of user personal data, and performing of unauthorized administrative operations.

Parsec is a cloud-based application for simple and cryptographically secure file sharing. The application does not sanitize the workspace name, creating a vulnerability if that workspace name is a UNC path. When creating mountpoint in the windows filesystem to mount the workspace of an organization, the application does not sanitize the workspace name. The cause issue if the workspace name evaluate to a UNC path since it's allowed for the name to containt `\` char. If the UNC path is invalid (or the targeted resource is not available) the application become unresponsive otherwise the system will interact with the mounted UNC path allowing the attacker to retrieve to [`NTLM`] hash.

Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security vulnerability in Gobito Informatics Technologies Engineering Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. Corporate Training Management System allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects Corporate Training Management System: before dd1a9df64.

Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements for Implementations can create a malicious Groovy class containing untrusted code bypassing the Groovy security sandbox. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue by tightening the Groovy security sandbox.

ProFTPD before 1.3.9c and 1.3.10rc3 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the mod_sftp module that allows authenticated low-privilege attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution by sending crafted SFTP packet fragments exceeding the 16 KB reassembly buffer in the fxp.c component. Attackers can supply oversized fragments to trigger an incorrectly conditioned reallocation, corrupt pool freelist metadata, overwrite the root_fs BSS global pointer to reference a fake filesystem struct, and redirect pr_fsio_stat() to system() via a crafted RENAME request.

ProFTPD before 1.3.9c and 1.3.10rc3 contains a signed integer overflow vulnerability in the mod_sftp module's SCP size-record parser that allows authenticated low-privilege attackers to bypass ASLR by sending a crafted file size value of UINT64_MAX, which results in a negative off_t value. Attackers can exploit the subsequent conversion to uint32_t, causing an approximately 4 GB requested read length and forcing the server to read beyond the end of the SSH channel data and write overread process memory into the uploaded file. In tested configurations, the disclosed data contains libc, libcrypto, and PIE pointers sufficient to derive their randomized base addresses, thereby bypassing ASLR and enabling reliable exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities in the same process.

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can achieve execution of arbitrary SQL via stacked queries, leveraging unsanitized sort parameters. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 Through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue.

Stored Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) in the client-side report rendering functions (renderPreview, renderEditor, renderAuditData in js/app.js) in maalfer Pentestify before 1.1.0 allows a remote, authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the browser of any user who views an affected report via a payload stored in a finding's images array or a report's client_logo array, which is interpolated into an <img> src attribute without escaping.

Improper Privilege Management vulnerability in Apache Syncope. When: * the all-Java user workflow adapter is configured, or * the Flowable user workflow adapter is configured, bearing a BPMN definition not requiring admin approval for user self registration of self update requests the following scenario could happen. A REST API call can allow the user to grant themselves one or more of defined Roles, thus gaining their Entitlements and becoming in fact an administrator; the actual Entitlements gained depend on the Roles that are effectively defined on the specific Syncope deployment. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 Through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue.

Low-privileged authenticated Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Syncope via Connectors and Resources check. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 Through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue.

Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can achieve remote code execution through the connector subsystem by relying on scripted connectors' (REST and SQL) capability to run Groovy scripts. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 Through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue by hardening the Groovy security sandbox.

FileBrowser Quantum is a free, self-hosted, web-based file manager. Prior to version 1.3.2-beta, the `/api/auth/login` authentication endpoint does not execute in constant time. When a non-existent username is supplied, the server returns a `401`/`403` response almost immediately. When a valid username is provided, the server performs a bcrypt password comparison, causing a measurable delay in the response time. Version 1.3.2-beta patches the issue.

FileBrowser Quantum is a free, self-hosted, web-based file manager. Prior to version 1.4.3-beta, the `subtitlesHandler` endpoint (`GET /api/media/subtitles`) accepts two user-controlled query parameters: `path` and `name`, both of which are used in filesystem operations without sanitization, creating two independent path traversal vectors. The primary vector is the `path` parameter: it is passed directly to `idx.GetRealPath()` without calling `SanitizeUserPath()`, allowing an attacker to escape the storage root and set `parentDir` to any directory on the host. No existing anchor file is required. The secondary vector is the `name` parameter: it is joined with `parentDir` via `filepath.Join(parentDir, name)` without stripping directory components, allowing traversal relative to any resolved `parentDir`. Any authenticated user (regardless of role or permissions) can exploit either vector to read any text file readable by the server process, including `/etc/passwd`, SSH keys, database credentials, and JWT signing keys. Version 1.4.3-beta patches the issue.

Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can import arbitrary BPMN process definitions via the REST API and then start the process. When a BPMN process containing a Groovy scriptTask is imported and started, the Groovy script is executed directly on the server, with no sandbox. This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 Through 4.0.6, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.7 / 4.1.2, which fix this issue by wrapping Flowable's Groovy scriptTasks with security sandbox.

Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CVE RECORD. ConsultIDs: CVE-2026-46409. Reason: This record is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2026-46409. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2026-46409 instead of this record. All references and descriptions in this record have been removed to prevent accidental usage.

Directory Traversal vulnerability in Menyoo 2.0 Versions before commit 729aa48: fixed in commit 729aa48 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Spooner file management, VehicleSpawner save/folder/rename functionality, WeaponOptions save/folder/rename functionality, PedComponentChanger create folder/createfile/rename functionality.

CI4MS is a CodeIgniter 4-based content management system skeleton. Prior to version 0.31.9.0, the Fileeditor module enforces an extension allowlist (`['css','js','html','txt','json','sql','md']`) on content-write operations (`saveFile`, `createFile`), but two destructive endpoints — `deleteFileOrFolder` and `renameFile` — never validate the extension of the *source* path. A backend user with file-editor permissions can therefore unlink or rename any file inside the project root that is not explicitly listed in the small `$hiddenItems` blocklist. Critical framework files such as `app/Config/Routes.php`, `app/Config/App.php`, `app/Config/Database.php`, `app/Config/Filters.php`, `public/index.php`, and `public/.htaccess` all live outside that blocklist and can be destroyed, producing a persistent denial of service that requires filesystem-level redeployment to recover. Version 0.31.9.0 patches the issue.

CI4MS is a CodeIgniter 4-based content management system skeleton. Prior to version 0.31.9.0, the `Pages` backend module registers the `html_purify` validation rule on language-keyed page content but persists the raw, un-purified POST value into the database. The public renderer for pages (`Home::index()` → `app/Views/templates/default/pages.php`) emits `$pageInfo->content` without `esc()`, yielding stored XSS that fires for every public visitor of the affected page — including administrators. Because pages may be promoted to the site home page, the payload can be served at `/` and reach every visitor of the site. Version 0.31.9.0 patches the issue.

FileBrowser Quantum is a free, self-hosted, web-based file manager. Versions prior to 1.3.2-stable and 1.4.1-beta may leak some sensitive info, such as source and path. Versions 1.3.2-stable and 1.4.1-beta fix the issue. No known workarounds are available.

Frogman provides headless FreePBX control. Prior to version 1.6.6, Frogman's chat-console markdown formatter (`assets/js/chat.js`'s `formatMarkdown`) inserted regex capture groups as raw HTML in four template patterns: inline code, bold, markdown links, and download links. Tool responses that reflect user-controlled fields — extension names, ring-group descriptions, IVR names, queue descriptions, etc. — could carry an HTML/JavaScript payload that executes when another admin views the response through Frogman chat. The payload runs in the viewer's session, with the viewer's permissions. FreePBX's own admin GUI escapes these same fields via `freepbx_htmlspecialchars()` throughout its view templates. The chat formatter was the leaky side. Version 1.6.6 patches the issue.

A security flaw has been discovered in Beijing Shenzhou Shihan Technology Multimedia Integrated Business Display System 8.2.2. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /admin/system/structure/updateStructure/deflate/Insecure/Staffshinel Ds.jsp?Shine ID=aaa. The manipulation of the argument Structure_ID results in sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.

A stack-based buffer overflow was found in rpcbind's rpcinfo utility. When querying a remote rpcbind service with `rpcinfo -l`, address information returned by the server is copied into a fixed-size buffer without sufficient bounds checking. A malicious or compromised rpcbind server could use this flaw to crash the rpcinfo client, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

A path traversal vulnerability was found in pulpcore. The relative_path_validator function only verifies that content paths do not begin with "/" but fails to block directory traversal sequences such as "../" anywhere in the path. An authenticated administrator can craft a relative_path containing embedded traversal sequences (e.g., "looking/normal/../../../../etc/shadow") that escapes the intended export directory during FilesystemExport operations. Because the file content is also user-controlled (uploaded artifact), this allows arbitrary file write to any location writable by the Pulp service user, potentially leading to service compromise or further system exploitation.

A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC10 16.03.10.09_multi_TDE01. This issue affects the function fromAdvSetLanip of the file /goform/AdvSetLanip of the component httpd/netctrl. The manipulation of the argument GetValue/SetValue results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

A Blind SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Windu CMS. A remote unauthenticated attacker is able to inject SQL syntax into URL path in HTTP header resulting in Blind SQL Injection. Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 4.1 but may also affect other versions.

Windu CMS uses hashing algorithm based on MD5 and SHA1 with static salt to store user passwords. This allows an attacker who obtain password hash to decode user credentials. Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 4.1 but may also affect other versions.

Windu CMS does not validate types of uploaded files. An authenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files, including PHP. This can lead to Remote Code Execution. Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 4.1 but may also affect other versions.

A flaw was found in the QEMU Guest Agent (qga). A local unprivileged user can exploit a vulnerability in the guest-ssh-add-authorized-keys command handler by manipulating symbolic links. This can occur either through a deterministic directory-symlink bypass or a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) file-symlink race. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to gain ownership of arbitrary root-owned files or directories, leading to root access. This vulnerability requires an external management layer (e.g., libvirt) to trigger the affected code path.

A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /prescriptionorderreport.php. Such manipulation of the argument delid leads to sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.

Network-AI (npm: network-ai) versions 5.12.2 through 5.13.3 fail to apply the configured authorization check (checkAuth/secret) to the ApprovalInbox GET read routes, so even when an operator configures a secret, unauthenticated actors can access sensitive approval request details. The GET /approvals/?status=all, GET /approvals/:id, GET /approvals/stats, and GET /approvals/sse routes disclose full ApprovalEntry content including action/target shell-command strings, file paths, justifications, and risk levels. All responses also carry a hardcoded Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * header, enabling cross-origin disclosure from any website the operator visits. This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-mxjx-28vx-xjjj.

Network-AI before 5.13.4 contains an improper cryptographic signature verification vulnerability in APSAdapter where the default local verifier accepts any non-empty string as valid. Unauthenticated attackers can submit forged APS delegation payloads with arbitrary scopes to bypass signature verification and obtain signed permission-grant tokens for sensitive resources including SHELL_EXEC.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 fails to enforce recursion depth limits in the type/kind parser when processing nested type annotations. Authenticated attackers can send queries with deeply nested type annotations to exhaust server memory and crash the process.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 fails to enforce the configured recursion depth limit in the value and JSON parser when processing nested braces, brackets, or parentheses. Unauthenticated attackers can send deeply nested JSON payloads to the WebSocket /rpc endpoint to exhaust server memory and crash the process.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 silently substitutes the ES384 algorithm when a JWT access method is configured with ALGORITHM ES512 (DEFINE ACCESS ... TYPE JWT ALGORITHM ES512), because the underlying jsonwebtoken crate (v10.x) has no ES512 variant and the mapping defaults to ES384 without any error, warning, or log message. Users who supply the correct P-521 key for ES512 experience authentication handshake failures due to the curve mismatch with ES384 (which expects P-384), and tokens are rejected by external systems expecting genuine ES512 signatures. The flaw cannot be used to forge tokens or compromise data confidentiality or integrity, as ES384 remains cryptographically strong.

SurrealDB before v2.6.1 (and before v3.0.0-beta.3) contains a denial of service vulnerability in its embedded JavaScript scripting engine, which is enabled via the --allow-scripting capability (disabled by default). Any user able to execute arbitrary queries — including unauthenticated guests when --allow-guests is enabled — can use built-in string functions to construct a large string and pass it to the JavaScript runtime for compilation, triggering a null pointer dereference in the underlying QuickJS-NG engine. This causes the server process to terminate immediately without graceful shutdown, requiring a manual restart. The issue was fixed by updating the rquickjs dependency from v0.9.0 to v0.11.0.

SurrealDB before 2.5.0 and before 3.0.0-beta.3 contains a confused deputy privilege escalation vulnerability. Unprivileged users (e.g., those with the database editor role) can create or modify fields containing futures, functions, or closures. Because these are executed in the context of the invoking/querying user rather than their creator, an attacker can plant malicious logic that executes with a higher-privileged user's permissions when that user reads or writes the affected record. This can lead to full privilege escalation, including creation of a root owner and server takeover.

FreeRDP before 3.28.0 (affected <=3.27.1) contains a heap-based buffer overflow in crypto_rsa_common() (libfreerdp/crypto/crypto.c). The function writes the modular-exponentiation result into the caller's output buffer via BN_bn2bin() and only afterward checks output_length > out_length, so out-of-bounds bytes are written before the bounds check. On the server side, when a client selects RDP Standard Security, the encrypted client random is decrypted into a fixed 32-byte buffer. Because the server publishes its RSA public key, an unauthenticated attacker can forge a ciphertext whose decrypted value is up to the full modulus length (e.g. 256 bytes for RSA-2048), overflowing the 32-byte heap buffer by up to ~224 attacker-controlled bytes pre-authentication, resulting in denial of service.

FreeRDP before 3.28.0 (affected 3.x through 3.27.1) contains a double-free vulnerability in freerdp_client_rdp_file_apply_to_settings() (client/common/file.c) when parsing the selectedmonitors field of a .rdp connection file. The MonitorIds array is allocated through the settings object, and a raw non-owning pointer to it is freed on the strtoul error path without clearing settings->MonitorIds, leaving it dangling; at teardown freerdp_settings_free() frees the same buffer again. An attacker who convinces a victim to open a crafted .rdp file with oversized monitor tokens can trigger a size-controlled double-free in any FreeRDP CLI client (xfreerdp/sdl-freerdp/wlfreerdp) in the default configuration.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the RELATE statement that allows authenticated users with CREATE permission to overwrite existing edge records without UPDATE permission. Attackers can issue a RELATE statement with a SET id clause pointing to an existing edge id, causing the storage layer to silently overwrite the target record instead of rejecting the operation.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 fails to refresh authentication state in LIVE SELECT subscriptions when session state changes. Attackers can continue receiving real-time notifications under revoked or expired session credentials until the connection closes.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a denial of service vulnerability where malicious LIVE queries with WHERE clauses that evaluate to errors cause all CREATE, UPDATE, and DELETE operations on the watched table to fail. An authenticated user with only select permission can prevent write operations on a table for any user, including root, by registering a LIVE query that triggers evaluation errors until the query is killed or the session ends.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 evaluates user-supplied WHERE clauses in SELECT statements (and SET/MERGE/CONTENT/PATCH clauses in UPDATE, UPSERT, INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and RELATE update-variant statements) against full record data before enforcing PERMISSIONS FOR SELECT WHERE restrictions. An authenticated user — including Record and Scope users — can exploit this ordering flaw to read the full contents of any table in the database they are authenticated against, bypassing table-level permission checks. Exfiltration is most direct when scripting functions are enabled (--allow-scripting), but is also possible via SurrealQL's THROW statement and timing-based side channels without scripting. The vulnerability is confined to the attacker's current database and does not cross namespace or database isolation boundaries.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a time-of-check/time-of-use race condition in the HTTP /rpc endpoint that allows unauthenticated requests to inherit authenticated session state. Unauthenticated attackers can send concurrent requests to the /rpc endpoint while legitimate authenticated traffic is active to execute operations with hijacked user privileges.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a session hijacking vulnerability where the HTTP /rpc sessions method returns attached session UUIDs without authentication and accepts arbitrary session fields with no ownership verification. Unauthenticated attackers can enumerate session UUIDs and impersonate authenticated sessions to read, write, delete data and escalate privileges.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in the KILL statement that allows authenticated database users to terminate other users' LIVE SELECT subscriptions. Attackers can issue KILL statements with target live query UUIDs to disrupt real-time data subscriptions of other users without ownership verification.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability where authenticated users can spoof composite record-id field values by writing to editable body fields. Attackers can bypass permission rules that gate access on id components like tenant isolation by setting same-named body fields to spoofed values that permission checks incorrectly read instead of the immutable id key.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to enforce table SELECT permissions when traversing graph edges or back-references. Authenticated users can read records from any table reachable through graph edges regardless of the target table's PERMISSIONS FOR select clause.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the RPC use handler that panics when db is set without a namespace. Unauthenticated attackers can send a malformed WebSocket message to the /rpc endpoint to crash the server process.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain an information disclosure vulnerability where authenticated users with UPDATE access can read field values hidden by field-level SELECT permissions through error messages. Attackers can trigger arithmetic or extend operations on hidden fields to embed raw operand values in error responses, bypassing field-level access controls.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability in LIVE SELECT subscriptions where permission expressions referencing $value, $before, $after, or $event are evaluated against attacker-controlled bindings instead of actual documents. Authenticated subscribers can bind chosen values to these parameter names and register LIVE SELECT queries to receive notifications for records that SELECT permission expressions should have hidden.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to apply the SURREAL_WEBSOCKET_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE limit to anonymous /sql WebSocket connections, allowing attackers to buffer unbounded frames in the per-connection read buffer. Attackers can stream WebSocket frames larger than the configured limit across multiple concurrent connections to consume excessive memory and degrade /sql availability.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

SurrealDB versions 3.1.0 before 3.1.5 fail to enforce field-level SELECT permissions when records are accessed through graph-edge or back-reference traversals. Attackers with table-level SELECT access can read field values hidden by field-level permissions by materializing records through graph traversals instead of direct table scans.

SurrealDB before 3.1.5 contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the DEFINE ANALYZER mapper filter that allows database users with EDITOR or OWNER roles to read files accessible to the SurrealDB process. Attackers can specify arbitrary file paths in the mapper filter and retrieve file contents through query error messages when the SURREAL_FILE_ALLOWLIST is empty or not configured.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.4 fail to properly enforce SELECT permissions on array elements (field.*) for record users, leaking denied array elements instead of hiding them. Attackers with record scope access can read array elements that element-level permissions should deny by exploiting incorrect index handling during permission filtering.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.

SurrealDB before 3.1.0 contains a capability bypass vulnerability in HTTP redirect handling that allows authenticated users to circumvent port-scoped --deny-net rules. Attackers can chain an HTTP redirect from an allowed hostname to a denied host:port combination, and the redirect is followed because the port information is dropped during redirect policy evaluation.

SurrealDB before 3.1.5 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the JWKS fetcher that follows HTTP redirects without re-validating redirect targets against network capabilities. Attackers with Owner role can configure a JWKS URL pointing to an allowlisted host that redirects to blocked internal addresses, bypassing network access controls.

SurrealDB versions before 3.2.0 contain a permissions bypass vulnerability where data-modifying statements within PERMISSIONS clauses execute with enforcement disabled. Attackers with permission to perform a guarded operation can write to tables they lack permission for by embedding CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, or UPSERT statements in the PERMISSIONS clause, causing unintended writes and data corruption.

SurrealDB versions before 3.2.0 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the SurrealML header parser that allows authenticated Owner-role users to crash the server by uploading a malformed .surml file to the /ml/import endpoint. Attackers can supply non-numeric input-dimensions or other malformed header fields that trigger unchecked unwrap calls, causing a panic that aborts the entire server process and denies service to all databases.

SurrealDB versions before 3.2.0 fail to validate namespace and database scope in custom API routes, allowing authenticated users to invoke endpoints in different namespaces/databases. Attackers with valid credentials for any namespace/database can access custom API endpoints in other tenants by specifying the target scope in the URL path, reading sensitive data or triggering unintended operations.

SurrealDB before 3.2.0 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the JWKS fetcher that validates only the URL hostname string against allow-lists without checking resolved IP addresses. An Owner role attacker can point an access method at an allow-listed hostname resolving to private or loopback addresses, causing the server to issue GET requests to internal addresses that would be blocked by direct URL.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.5 contain a denial of service vulnerability where authenticated users can crash the server with queries containing long chains of operators. Attackers can submit queries with tens of thousands of chained operators that create unbounded expression trees, causing stack overflow during query processing and aborting the entire process.

In BRAIN2 versions prior to 3.09, the application LogPathConfig.exe is executed during setup. As a result, the Windows group Everyone is granted full control over %ProgramData% instead of being restricted to %ProgramData%\Bizerba\BRAIN2\. Starting with BRAIN2 3.09, the setup no longer executes this tool. However, the optional component Bizerba ScriptService still executes it. Bizerba ScriptService is being deprecated and will no longer be included starting with BRAIN2 version 3.11.

In _connect.BRAIN versions prior to 5.06, the application LogPathConfig.exe is executed during setup. During this process, existing permissions on %ProgramData% are deleted and replaced, granting the Windows group Everyone full control instead of restricting access to %ProgramData%\Bizerba\_connect.BRAIN or %ProgramData%\Bizerba\BCT. Starting with _connect.BRAIN 5.06, the setup no longer executes this tool.

A flaw was found in claircore's apk package scanner. Malformed package-database data in a container layer can cause an out-of-bounds access that panics the scanner. If that panic is not recovered, the Clair indexer process can crash, leading to a denial of service.

A denial-of-service and resource exhaustion vulnerability exists within the `GDBus` component of GLib. The `gdbusauth` authentication mechanism fails to enforce proper length limitations on data lines read from a client. An unauthenticated local or remote attacker can exploit this lack of input validation by sending excessively long streams of data, causing the application to consume massive amounts of system memory and CPU, potentially leading to a crash or system hang.

A vulnerability was found in the network packet de-fragmentation engine of kronosnet (Version affected <= 1.34). The internal reassembly code does not properly validate sequence numbers of incoming payload fragments. An attacker can exploit this lack of verification by transmitting malformed packets with corrupted sequence parameters. Under specific conditions, this forces the packet processing layer to parse data outside the designated bounds of the internal memory structures, causing an out-of-bounds memory access or heap corruption. This behavior can result in sudden application crashes or system instability.

An high privileged remote attacker can exploit an authenticated OS command injection vulnerability in the system_certificates view due to improper neutralization of special elements in an OS command. This can result in a total loss of confidentiality, availability and integrity.

The affected product accepts user-supplied input within a URL parameter without enforcing expected sanitization or encoding before rendering it within the response. This condition allows for the injection of malicious JavaScript payloads. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the user interface of the webpage, or retrieve sensitive information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated for session hijacking as all session-related sensitive cookies are protected by the httpOnly flag.

A flaw was found in the Konnectivity proxy-server configuration for hosted control planes. The agent-facing listener was started without --cluster-ca-cert (and without token-based agent authentication), so client certificates were not validated. A remote attacker who can reach the Konnectivity cluster endpoint could connect as an unauthenticated agent, join the routing pool, and potentially proxy, inspect, modify, or drop control-plane-to-node traffic.

Dancer2 versions through 2.1.0 for Perl generate insecure session ids when CSPRNG modules are unavailable. Dancer2::Core::Role::SessionFactory::generate_id silently falls back to a built-in rand-derived session id when both Math::Random::ISAAC::XS and Crypt::URandom are unavailable. The fallback session id is generated from a SHA-1 hash of a call to the built-in rand function, the absolute path of the Dancer2::Core::Role::SessionFactory module, an internal counter, the process id, the module instance memory address, and a shuffled string of characters (using the List::Util::shuffle function, which also uses the built-in rand function). These are all low-entropy and easily guessed sources. The built-in rand() function is seeded with 32-bits and considered unsuitable for security applications. Predictable session ids could allow an attacker to gain access to systems.

Crypt::Password versions through 0.28 for Perl are susceptible to timing attacks. The check_password method uses the built-in eq operator. This allows discrepancies in timing to be used to guess the underlying hash.

The Elementor Website Builder WordPress plugin before 4.1.4 does not properly check user permissions before returning post data through one of its REST endpoints, allowing authenticated users with Contributor-level access and above to retrieve the title, body and metadata of private posts, private pages and drafts authored by other users (including administrators).

The Tag Groups is the Advanced Way to Display Your Taxonomy Terms WordPress plugin before 2.2.0 does not properly escape one of its AJAX parameters before reflecting it in the response body served with an HTML content type, allowing unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the browser of a logged-in user with `edit_pages` capability (Editor or higher) who is tricked into following a crafted link.

Crypt::Password versions through 0.28 for Perl generate insecure random values for salts. These versions use the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

The All-in-One WP Migration and Backup WordPress plugin before 7.106 does not properly sanitise a user-supplied value before using it to build a file path, allowing unauthenticated attackers to create or append a log file in arbitrary locations outside its intended storage directory.

The LearnPress WordPress plugin before 4.4.1 does not escape a search parameter before reflecting it into an HTML attribute, leading to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting that executes in the browser of a logged-in instructor or administrator who is tricked into opening a crafted link.

The PayPlus Payment Gateway WordPress plugin before 8.2.2 does not perform authorization or order-ownership validation in one of its AJAX actions available to unauthenticated users, allowing them to tamper with the payment-related metadata of arbitrary WooCommerce orders.

The PayPlus Payment Gateway WordPress plugin before 8.2.2 does not perform authorization or order-ownership validation in one of its AJAX actions available to unauthenticated users, allowing them to disclose the secret order key of arbitrary WooCommerce orders and, under some configurations, to modify order statuses.

The Social Login, Passkeys, Magic Link & Email OTP WordPress plugin before 1.4.1 does not enforce rate limiting or a working attempt lockout on its passwordless email one-time-password verification, and stores the short numeric codes in plaintext, allowing an unauthenticated attacker who knows a registered email address to brute-force the code and log in as that user, including an administrator, leading to full site takeover.

The Kirki WordPress plugin before 6.0.12 does not validate a user-supplied URL before requesting it server-side, allowing unauthenticated attackers to make the site issue HTTP requests to arbitrary hosts (Server-Side Request Forgery).

The MailerSend WordPress plugin before 1.0.8 does not perform a nonce check on its configuration-delete action (it verifies the manage_options capability but ignores the nonce), so an attacker can trick a logged-in administrator into visiting a crafted page that wipes the MailerSend WordPress plugin before 1.0.8's SMTP configuration and deactivates the MailerSend WordPress plugin before 1.0.8, breaking the site's email delivery.

The ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2 does not perform a capability check on one of its AJAX actions, allowing authenticated users with subscriber-level access or higher to deactivate the ThumbPress WordPress plugin before 6.2.2, disrupting the site's image-handling functionality.

The Reviews Feed WordPress plugin before 2.6.5 does not neutralize WordPress shortcodes contained in third-party review content before rendering it through its dynamic block, allowing unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes on pages that display the feed by planting a shortcode in a review on the connected source.

The All in One SEO WordPress plugin before 4.9.9 does not correctly restrict access to some of its AI integration REST API endpoints, allowing users with low-level privileges such as Contributors to overwrite or reset the site-wide AI integration state.

The Modern Event Calendar Pro WordPress plugin before 7.34.0, Modern Events Calendar Lite WordPress plugin before 7.34.0 do not sanitise and escape a request parameter before using it in a SQL statement, through an AJAX action available to unauthenticated users, leading to an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability that allows attackers to extract sensitive data from the database.

The WP Travel WordPress plugin before 11.7.1 does not perform capability or ownership checks on its booking cancellation action, which is also exposed to unauthenticated users, allowing them to cancel arbitrary bookings on the site.

The SlimStat Analytics WordPress plugin before 5.5.0 does not escape a visitor-controlled geolocation value before outputting it in its admin analytics reports, allowing unauthenticated visitors to store a cross-site scripting payload that executes in the browser of an administrator who views the reports. Exploitation requires the SlimStat Analytics WordPress plugin before 5.5.0 to be configured to use the Cloudflare geolocation provider.

The Kirki WordPress plugin before 6.0.12 does not perform any authorisation check on one of its REST routes, allowing unauthenticated users to overwrite the content of arbitrary existing comments and to create pre-approved comments under a spoofed identity, bypassing comment moderation.

The Kirki WordPress plugin before 6.0.12 does not sanitise or escape the email subject and body values supplied in a request before including them in the password-reset email it sends as HTML, allowing unauthenticated users to inject arbitrary HTML into the message delivered to a registered user, which can be used for phishing.

The Unlimited Elements For Elementor WordPress plugin before 2.0.11 does not sanitize or escape Google review content fetched from the Serp API before rendering it in the Google Reviews widget output, allowing unauthenticated attackers who submit a malicious review on the targeted business's Google listing to deliver Stored XSS to any visitor (including administrators) of any WP page displaying that Place ID's reviews.

Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. Prior to version 2.7.23.b246bcd, a single node advertising a User.long_name that contains a malformed character encoding can render other radios unusable over BLE when managed through the iOS app. The malformed name does not need to be maliciously crafted — it can arise from ordinary buffer truncation and has been observed occurring naturally in the wild. At least one code path could place a null terminator in the middle of a multibyte sequence, leaving a malformed User.long_name in the node database. The problem surfaced downstream: the iOS app enforced encoding validation and therefore cannot parse a node database once it contains a poisoned entry. This caused BLE sync to enter a fail/retry loop, resulting in loss of control over the affected device. For a typical user managing their radio with the iOS app, the device becomes effectively unusable until the poisoned node ages out of the on-device database, or unless they have an alternate management path (e.g., the Python CLI, which can be used to identify and remove the offending entries manually). Because the malformed name propagates through the mesh, the temporary presence of a single affected node can degrade BLE management for iOS users across a wide geographical area for an extended period. Less technical users have no straightforward recovery path. Starting in version 2.7.23.b246bcd, the firmware has added input sanitization and regression tests demonstrating recovery for already-poisoned devices. The apps have also taken steps to ensure more graceful handling of malformed encoding sequences as well.

Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. Prior to version 2.7.21.1370b23, the Meshtastic GitHub repository's main_matrix.yml workflow is triggered by pull_request_target and multiple jobs check out the attacker's fork code and execute it with access to repository secrets and elevated GITHUB_TOKEN permissions. No approval gate exists. Pull requests from external users with author_association: "NONE" triggered the CI workflow automatically. The workflow directly executes attacker-controlled files from the fork checkout. This issue could have resulted in supply chain compromise, self-hosted runner compromise, and/or repository takeover for the repo. This issue is separate from GHSA-6mwm-v2vv-pp96, which addressed a command injection via github.head_ref in the setup job of the same workflow. That fix correctly moved to environment variables. However, the more critical fork checkout vulnerability across the check, build, and build-debian-src jobs was not addressed. Version 2.7.21.1370b23 contains a patch for thie issue.

CI4MS is a CodeIgniter 4-based content management system skeleton. Prior to version 0.31.9.0, the custom `html_purify` validation rule used to sanitize blog post bodies relies on by-reference mutation (`?string &$str`), but CodeIgniter 4's validator passes a local copy of the value, so the sanitized text is silently discarded. The Blog controller writes `$lanData['content']` directly into `blog_langs.content`, and the public template echoes it without escaping — yielding stored XSS executable in any visitor's browser, including the superadmin when previewing or editing posts. Version 0.31.9.0 patches the issue.

A vulnerability in keras-team/keras version 3.15.0 allows unsafe deserialization of attacker-controlled PyTorch pickle data through the public `keras.layers.TorchModuleWrapper.from_config` method. This method invokes `torch.load(..., weights_only=False)` without requiring an explicit unsafe opt-in, such as a `safe_mode=False` parameter. When called outside a `SafeModeScope(True)` context, the absence of an ambient safe mode state permits unsafe deserialization by default. This issue can lead to arbitrary code execution if untrusted Keras layer configurations are processed using this method. The vulnerability arises because the method does not enforce safe deserialization practices unless explicitly guarded by Keras safe mode.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd: Remove latent out-of-bounds access in IOMMU debugfs In iommu_mmio_write() and iommu_capability_write(), the variables dbg_mmio_offset and dbg_cap_offset are declared as int. However, they are populated using kstrtou32_from_user(). If a user provides a sufficiently large value, it can become a negative integer. Prior to this patch, the AMD IOMMU debugfs implementation was already protected by different mechanisms. 1. #define OFS_IN_SZ 8 ensures the user string <= 8 bytes, so e.g. 0xffffffff isn't a valid input. if (cnt > OFS_IN_SZ) return -EINVAL; 2. Implicit type promotion in iommu_mmio_write(), dbg_mmio_offset is int and iommu->mmio_phys_end is u64 if (dbg_mmio_offset > iommu->mmio_phys_end - sizeof(u64)) return -EINVAL; 3. The show handlers would currently catch the negative number and refuse to perform the read. Replace kstrtou32_from_user() with kstrtos32_from_user() to parse the input, and check for negative values to explicitly prevent out-of-bounds memory accesses directly in iommu_mmio_write() and iommu_capability_write().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: wwan: iosm: fix potential memory leaks in ipc_imem_init() The memory allocated in ipc_protocol_init() is not freed on the error paths that follow in ipc_imem_init(). Fix that by calling the corresponding release function ipc_protocol_deinit() in the error path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/memory_hotplug: fix memory block reference leak on remove Patch series "mm: Fix memory block leaks and locking", v2. This series fixes two memory block device reference leaks and one locking issue around the per-memory_block hwpoison counter. This patch (of 2): remove_memory_blocks_and_altmaps() looks up each memory block with find_memory_block(), which acquires a reference to the memory block device. That reference is never dropped on this path, resulting in a leaked device reference when removing memory blocks and their altmaps. Drop the reference after retrieving mem->altmap and clearing mem->altmap, before removing the memory block device.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drivers/base/memory: fix memory block reference leak in poison accounting memblk_nr_poison_inc() and memblk_nr_poison_sub() look up a memory block via find_memory_block_by_id(), which acquires a reference to the memory block device. Both helpers use the returned memory block without dropping that reference, leaking the device reference on each successful lookup. Drop the reference after updating nr_hwpoison.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: efi: Allocate runtime workqueue before ACPI init Since commit 5894cf571e14 ("acpi/prmt: Use EFI runtime sandbox to invoke PRM handlers") ACPI PRM calls are delegated to a workqueue which runs in a kernel thread, making it easier to detect and mitigate faulting memory accesses performed by the firmware. Rafael reports that such PRM accesses may occur before efisubsys_init() executes, which is where the workqueue is allocated, leading to NULL pointer dereferences. Since acpi_init() [which triggers the early PRM accesses] executes as a subsys_initcall() as well, and has its own dependencies that may be sensitive to initcall ordering, deferring acpi_init() is not an option. So instead, split off the workqueue allocation into its own postcore initcall, as this is the only missing piece to allow EFI runtime calls to be made. This ensures that EFI runtime call (including PRM calls) are accessible to all code running at subsys_initcall() level.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: call missing mem_cgroup_iter_break() damon_sysfs_memcg_path_to_id() breaks mem_cgroup_iter() loop without calling mem_cgroup_iter_break(). This leaks the cgroup reference. Fix the issue by calling mem_cgroup_iter_break() before the break. The issue was discovered [1] by Sashiko.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sysfs: don't remove existing directory on update failure When sysfs_update_group() is called for a named group and create_files() fails (e.g. -ENOMEM), internal_create_group() calls kernfs_remove(kn) on the group directory. In the update path, kn was obtained via kernfs_find_and_get() and refers to a directory that already existed before this call. Removing it silently destroys a sysfs group that the caller did not create. Only remove the directory if we created it ourselves. On update failure the directory remains as it is left empty by remove_files() inside create_files(), but can be repopulated by a retry.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: bnep: Fix UAF read of dev->name bnep_add_connection() needs to keep holding the bnep_session_sem while reading dev->name (just like bnep_get_connlist() does); otherwise the bnep_session() thread can concurrently free the net_device, which can for example be triggered by a concurrent bnep_del_connection(). (This UAF is fairly uninteresting from a security perspective; calling bnep_add_connection() requires passing a capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN) check. It also requires completely tearing down a netdev during a fairly tight race window.)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: fix __vm_normal_page() to handle missing support for pmd_special()/pud_special() On x86 32-bit with THP enabled, zap_huge_pmd() is seen to generate a "WARNING: mm/memory.c:735 at __vm_normal_page+0x6a/0x7d", from the VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pfn) || is_huge_zero_pfn(pfn)); followed by "BUG: Bad rss-counter state"s, then later "BUG: Bad page state"s when reclaim gets to call shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan(). It's as if the _PAGE_SPECIAL bit never got set in the huge_zero pmd: and indeed, whereas pte_special() and pte_mkspecial() are subject to a dedicated CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL, pmd_special() and pmd_mkspecial() are subject to CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP, which is never enabled on any 32-bit architecture. While the problem was exposed through commit d80a9cb1a64a ("mm/huge_memory: add and use normal_or_softleaf_folio_pmd()"), it was an oversight in commit af38538801c6 ("mm/memory: factor out common code from vm_normal_page_*()") and would result in other problems: * huge zero folio accounted in smaps, pagemap (PAGE_IS_FILE) and numamaps as file-backed THP * folio_walk_start() returning the folio even without FW_ZEROPAGE set. Callers seem to tolerate that, though. ... and triggering the VM_WARN_ON_ONE(), although never reported so far. To fix it, teach vm_normal_page_pmd()/vm_normal_page_pud() to consider whether pmd_special/pud_special is actually implemented.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: ep93xx: fix error pointer deref after DMA setup failure The driver falls back to PIO mode if DMA setup fails during probe. Make sure to the clear the DMA channel pointers on setup failure to avoid dereferencing an error pointer on later probe errors or driver unbind. This issue was flagged by Sashiko when reviewing a devres allocation conversion patch.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: qup: fix error pointer deref after DMA setup failure The driver falls back to PIO mode if DMA setup fails during probe. Make sure to the clear the DMA channel pointers on setup failure to avoid dereferencing an error pointer (or attempting to release a channel a second time) on later probe errors or driver unbind. This issue was flagged by Sashiko when reviewing a devres allocation conversion patch.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: tegra: fix pm_runtime leak on mutex_lock failure If tegra_i2c_mutex_lock() fails, the function returns without calling pm_runtime_put(), leaking the runtime PM reference acquired by the preceding pm_runtime_get_sync(). This prevents the device from ever entering runtime suspend. Add the missing pm_runtime_put() before returning on lock failure.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Do not call map->ops->elt_free() if elt_alloc() fails In paths where tracing_map_elt_alloc() failed to allocate objects, the map->ops->elt_alloc() call was never successful. In this case, map->ops->elt_free() should not be called.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: cfg80211: advance loop vars in cfg80211_merge_profile() cfg80211_merge_profile() reassembles a Multi-BSSID non-transmitted BSS profile that has been split across multiple consecutive MBSSID elements. Its while-loop calls cfg80211_get_profile_continuation(ie, ielen, mbssid_elem, sub_elem) but never advances mbssid_elem or sub_elem inside the body. Each iteration therefore searches for a continuation that follows the same fixed pair; the helper returns the same next_mbssid; and the same next_sub bytes are memcpy()'d into merged_ie at a growing offset until the buffer fills. Advance both mbssid_elem and sub_elem to the just-consumed continuation so the next call to cfg80211_get_profile_continuation() searches for a further continuation beyond it (or returns NULL when none exists). A specially-crafted malicious beacon can take advantage of this bug to cause the kernel to spend an excessive amount of time in cfg80211_merge_profile (up to as much as 2ms per beacon received), which could theoretically be abused in some way.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: phonet/pep: disable BH around forwarded sk_receive_skb() The networking receive path is usually run from softirq context, but protocols that take the socket lock may have packets stored in the backlog and processed later from process context. In that case release_sock() -> __release_sock() drops the slock with spin_unlock_bh() and then calls sk->sk_backlog_rcv() with bottom halves enabled. Typical sk_backlog_rcv handlers process the socket whose backlog is being drained, so the BH state at entry is irrelevant for the slocks they touch. pep_do_rcv() is different: when the inbound skb targets an existing PEP pipe, it forwards the skb to a different *child* socket via sk_receive_skb(). That helper takes the child slock with bh_lock_sock_nested(), which is just spin_lock_nested() and assumes BH is already off. The same child slock therefore ends up acquired with BH on (process path) and with BH off (softirq path): process context softirq context --------------- --------------- release_sock(listener) __netif_receive_skb() __release_sock() phonet_rcv() spin_unlock_bh() __sk_receive_skb(listener) [BH now ENABLED] [BH already disabled] sk_backlog_rcv: sk_backlog_rcv: pep_do_rcv() pep_do_rcv() sk_receive_skb(child) sk_receive_skb(child) bh_lock_sock_nested(child) bh_lock_sock_nested(child) => SOFTIRQ-ON-W => IN-SOFTIRQ-W Lockdep flags this as inconsistent lock state, and it can become a real self-deadlock if a softirq on the same CPU tries to receive to the same child socket while its slock is held in the BH-enabled path: WARNING: inconsistent lock state inconsistent {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} -> {IN-SOFTIRQ-W} usage. (slock-AF_PHONET/1){+.?.}-{3:3}, at: __sk_receive_skb+0x1cf/0x900 __sk_receive_skb net/core/sock.c:563 sk_receive_skb include/net/sock.h:2022 [inline] pep_do_rcv net/phonet/pep.c:675 sk_backlog_rcv include/net/sock.h:1190 __release_sock net/core/sock.c:3216 release_sock net/core/sock.c:3815 pep_sock_accept net/phonet/pep.c:879 Wrap the forwarded sk_receive_skb() in local_bh_disable() / local_bh_enable() so the child slock is always acquired with BH off. local_bh_disable() nests safely on the softirq path. Discovered via in-house syzkaller fuzzing; the same root cause also on the linux-6.1.y syzbot dashboard as extid 44f0626dd6284f02663c. Reproduced under KASAN + LOCKDEP + PROVE_LOCKING, reproducer: https://pastebin.com/A3t8xzCR

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SVM: Disable AVIC IPI virtualization on Hygon Family 18h (erratum #1235) Hygon Family 18h CPUs are derived from AMD Family 17h (Zen1) silicon and share the same erratum #1235: hardware may read a stale IsRunning=1 bit during ICR write emulation and silently fail to generate an AVIC_IPI_FAILURE_TARGET_NOT_RUNNING VM-Exit on the sending vCPU. The absence of the VM-Exit causes KVM to miss the required wakeup of blocking target vCPUs, leading to hung vCPUs and unbounded delays in guest execution. Extend the existing AMD Family 17h erratum #1235 workaround to also cover Hygon Family 18h. With IPI virtualization disabled, KVM never sets IsRunning=1 in the Physical ID table, so every non-self IPI generates a VM-Exit and is correctly emulated.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mld: stop TX during firmware restart When iwlwifi firmware crashes (e.g., NMI_INTERRUPT_UNKNOWN on Intel BE201/Wi-Fi 7), iwl_mld_nic_error() sets mld->fw_status.in_hw_restart to true. However, iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() does not check this flag before dequeuing frames from mac80211 and pushing them to the transport layer. Since the firmware is dead, iwl_trans_tx() returns -EIO for each frame, which then gets freed immediately. Under high-throughput conditions (e.g., Tailscale UDP traffic or active SSH sessions), this creates a tight dequeue-send-fail-free loop that wastes CPU cycles and generates rapid skb allocation churn, leading to memory pressure from slab fragmentation. The RX path already has this guard (iwl_mld_rx_mpdu checks in_hw_restart at rx.c:1906), and so does the TXQ allocation worker (iwl_mld_add_txqs_wk at tx.c:156). Add the same guard to iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() to stop all TX during firmware restart. Frames left in mac80211's TXQs are naturally drained after restart completes, when queue reallocation triggers iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() via iwl_mld_add_txq_list(), or when new upper-layer traffic invokes wake_tx_queue. Tested on ASUS Zenbook 14 UX3405CA with Intel BE201 (Wi-Fi 7) on kernel 6.19.5 where the firmware crashes approximately every 10-15 minutes under Tailscale traffic.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mvm: fix driver-set TX rates on old devices On old devices such as 7265D, rates are still encoded in version 1 format, which doesn't use the CCK/OFDM rate index (0-3/0-7) but rather their PLCP value (e.g. 10 for 1 Mbps CCK rate.) While introducing v3 rates, I changed the driver from internally handling v1 rates and converting to v2, to internally handling v3 and converting to v1 or v2 according to the firmware. I accordingly changed the code in iwl_mvm_mac80211_idx_to_hwrate() to no longer have different values for different APIs. This was correct. However, I later reverted this part of the change, because it was reported that I had broken beacon rates, causing a FW assert/crash. This caused TX_CMD rates to be set incorrectly, potentially causing a warning when reported back from the device as having been used. Fix this (hopefully correctly now) by handling beacon rates in the TX_CMD that's embedded in the beacon template command separately. Restore iwl_mvm_mac80211_idx_to_hwrate() to return only the rate index, not PLCP value, fixing the real TX_CMD.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ti: icssm-prueth: fix eth_ports_node leak in probe The error path on of_property_read_u32() failure inside icssm_prueth_probe() returns without putting eth_ports_node, which was acquired before the for_each_child_of_node() loop. Drop it before returning.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: test_kprobes: clear kprobes between test runs Running the kprobes sanity tests twice makes all tests fail and eventually crashes the kernel. [root@martin-riscv-1 ~]# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/kunit/kprobes_test/run ... # Totals: pass:5 fail:0 skip:0 total:5 ok 1 kprobes_test [root@martin-riscv-1 ~]# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/kunit/kprobes_test/run ... # test_kprobe: EXPECTATION FAILED at lib/tests/test_kprobes.c:64 Expected 0 == register_kprobe(&kp), but register_kprobe(&kp) == -22 (0xffffffffffffffea) ... Unable to handle kernel paging request ... The testsuite defines several kprobes and kretprobes as static variables that are preserved across test runs. After register_kprobe and unregister_kprobe, a kprobe contains some leftover data that must be cleared before the kprobe can be registered again. The tests are setting symbol_name to define the probe location. Address and flags must be cleared. The existing code clears some of the probes between subsequent tests, but not between two test runs. The leftover data from a previous test run makes the registrations fail in the next run. Move the cleanups for all kprobes into kprobes_test_init, this function is called before each single test (including the first test of a test run).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: tracepoints: fix sleep while in atomic context in btrfs_sync_file() The trace event btrfs_sync_file() is called in an atomic context (all trace events are) and its call to dput(), which is needed due to the call to dget_parent(), can sleep, triggering a kernel splat. This can be reproduced by enabling the trace event and running btrfs/056 from fstests for example. The splat shown in dmesg is the following: [53.919] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at fs/dcache.c:970 [53.947] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 32773, name: xfs_io [53.988] preempt_count: 2, expected: 0 [53.967] RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 [53.943] Preemption disabled at: [53.944] [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 [54.078] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 32773 Comm: xfs_io Tainted: G W 7.1.0-rc1-btrfs-next-232+ #1 PREEMPT(full) [54.070] Tainted: [W]=WARN [54.071] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [54.072] Call Trace: [54.074] <TASK> [54.076] dump_stack_lvl+0x56/0x80 [54.079] __might_resched.cold+0xd6/0x10f [54.072] dput.part.0+0x24/0x110 [54.078] trace_event_raw_event_btrfs_sync_file+0x75/0x140 [btrfs] [54.089] btrfs_sync_file+0x1ed/0x530 [btrfs] [54.087] ? __handle_mm_fault+0x8ae/0xed0 [54.089] btrfs_do_write_iter+0x172/0x210 [btrfs] [54.091] vfs_write+0x21f/0x450 [54.094] __x64_sys_pwrite64+0x8d/0xc0 [54.096] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x20c/0x670 [54.099] do_syscall_64+0x60/0xf20 [54.092] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x60/0xb0 [54.094] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e So stop using dget_parent() and dput() and access the parent dentry directly as dentry->d_parent. This is also what ext4 is doing in its equivalent trace event ext4_sync_file_enter().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ARM: integrator: Fix early initialization Starting with commit bdb249fce9ad4 ("ARM: integrator: read counter using syscon/regmap"), intcp_init_early calls syscon_regmap_lookup_by_compatible which in turn calls of_syscon_register. This function allocates memory. Since the memory management code has not been initialized at that time, the call always fails. It either returns -ENOMEM or crashes as follows. Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000c when read [0000000c] *pgd=00000000 Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1] ARM Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 6.15.0-rc5-00026-g5fcc9bf84ee5 #1 PREEMPT Hardware name: ARM Integrator/CP (Device Tree) PC is at __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0xec/0x39c LR is at __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x34/0x39c ... Call trace: __kmalloc_cache_noprof from of_syscon_register+0x7c/0x310 of_syscon_register from device_node_get_regmap+0xa4/0xb0 device_node_get_regmap from intcp_init_early+0xc/0x40 intcp_init_early from start_kernel+0x60/0x688 start_kernel from 0x0 The crash is seen due to a dereferenced pointer which is not supposed to be NULL but is NULL if the memory management subsystem has not been initialized. The crash is not seen with all versions of gcc. Some versions such as gcc 9.x apparently do not dereference the pointer, presumably if tracing is disabled. The problem has been reproduced with gcc 10.x, 11.x, and 13.x. Either case, if the crash is not seen, the call to syscon_regmap_lookup_by_compatible returns -ENOMEM, and sched_clock_register is never called. Fix the problem by moving the early initialization code into the standard machine initialization code.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_ffa: Check for NULL FF-A ID table while driver registration The bus match callback assumes that every FF-A driver provides an id_table and dereferences it unconditionally. Enforce that contract at registration time so a buggy client driver cannot crash the bus during match.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kho: skip KHO for crash kernel kho_fill_kimage() unconditionally populates the kimage with KHO metadata for every kexec image type. When the image is a crash kernel, this can be problematic as the crash kernel can run in a small reserved region and the KHO scratch areas can sit outside it. The crash kernel then faults during kho_memory_init() when it tries phys_to_virt() on the KHO FDT address: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address xxxxxxxx ... fdt_offset_ptr+... fdt_check_node_offset_+... fdt_first_property_offset+... fdt_get_property_namelen_+... fdt_getprop+... kho_memory_init+... mm_core_init+... start_kernel+... kho_locate_mem_hole() already skips KHO logic for KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH images, but kho_fill_kimage() was missing the same guard. As kho_fill_kimage() is the single point that populates image->kho.fdt and image->kho.scratch, fixing it here is sufficient for both arm64 and x86 as the FDT and boot_params path are bailing out when these fields are unset.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: sprd: fix error pointer deref after DMA setup failure The driver falls back to PIO mode if DMA setup fails during probe. Make sure to check the dma.enabled flag before trying to release the DMA channels also on late probe errors to avoid dereferencing an error pointer (or attempting to release a channel a second time). This issue was flagged by Sashiko when reviewing a devres allocation conversion patch.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix potential for tearing in ->remote_i_size and ->zero_point Fix potential tearing in using ->remote_i_size and ->zero_point by copying i_size_read() and i_size_write() and using the same seqcount as for i_size. We need to make sure that netfslib and the filesystems that use it always hold i_lock whilst updating any of the sizes to prevent i_size_seqcount from getting corrupted.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: idpf: fix read_dev_clk_lock spinlock init in idpf_ptp_init() In idpf_ptp_init(), read_dev_clk_lock is initialized after ptp_schedule_worker() had already been called (and after idpf_ptp_settime64() could reach the lock). The PTP aux worker fires immediately upon scheduling and can call into idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg_direct(), which takes spin_lock(&ptp->read_dev_clk_lock) on an uninitialized lock, triggering the lockdep "non-static key" warning: [12973.796587] idpf 0000:83:00.0: Device HW Reset initiated [12974.094507] INFO: trying to register non-static key. ... [12974.097208] Call Trace: [12974.097213] <TASK> [12974.097218] dump_stack_lvl+0x93/0xe0 [12974.097234] register_lock_class+0x4c4/0x4e0 [12974.097249] ? __lock_acquire+0x427/0x2290 [12974.097259] __lock_acquire+0x98/0x2290 [12974.097272] lock_acquire+0xc6/0x310 [12974.097281] ? idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf] [12974.097311] ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xde/0x190 [12974.097318] ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0xd2/0x350 [12974.097330] ? __pfx_ptp_aux_kworker+0x10/0x10 [ptp] [12974.097343] _raw_spin_lock+0x30/0x40 [12974.097353] ? idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf] [12974.097373] idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf] [12974.097391] ? kthread_worker_fn+0x88/0x3d0 [12974.097404] ? kthread_worker_fn+0x4e/0x3d0 [12974.097411] idpf_ptp_update_cached_phctime+0x26/0x120 [idpf] [12974.097428] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x28/0x50 [12974.097436] idpf_ptp_do_aux_work+0x15/0x20 [idpf] [12974.097454] ptp_aux_kworker+0x20/0x40 [ptp] [12974.097464] kthread_worker_fn+0xd5/0x3d0 [12974.097474] ? __pfx_kthread_worker_fn+0x10/0x10 [12974.097482] kthread+0xf4/0x130 [12974.097489] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [12974.097498] ret_from_fork+0x32c/0x410 [12974.097512] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [12974.097519] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [12974.097540] </TASK> Move the call to spin_lock_init() up a bit to make sure read_dev_clk_lock is not touched before it's been initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/adreno: Fix a reference leak in a6xx_gpu_init() In a6xx_gpu_init(), node is obtained via of_parse_phandle(). While there was a manual of_node_put() at the end of the common path, several early error returns would bypass this call, resulting in a reference leak. Fix this by using the __free(device_node) cleanup handler to release the reference when the variable goes out of scope. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/700661/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath11k: fix error path leaks in some WMI WOW calls Fix two instances where we used to directly return the result of ath11k_wmi_cmd_send(...). Because we did not check the return value, we also did not free the skb in the error path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs, afs: Fix write skipping in dir/link writepages Fix netfs_write_single() and afs_single_writepages() to better handle a write that would be skipped due to lock contention and WB_SYNC_NONE by returning 1 from netfs_write_single() if it skipped and making afs_single_writepages() skip also. If a skip occurs, the inode must be re-marked as the VFS may have cleared the mark. This is really only theoretical for directories in netfs_write_single() as the only path to that is through afs_single_writepages() that takes the ->validate_lock around it, thereby serialising it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix partial invalidation of streaming-write folio In netfs_invalidate_folio(), if the region of a partial invalidation overlaps the front (but not all) of a dirty write cached in a streaming write page (dirty, but not uptodate, with the dirty region tracked by a netfs_folio struct), the function modifies the dirty region - but incorrectly as it moves the region forward by setting the start to the start, not the end, of the invalidation region. Fix this by setting finfo->dirty_offset to the end of the invalidation region (iend).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix zeropoint update where i_size > remote_i_size Fix the update of the zero point[*] by netfs_release_folio() when there is uncommitted data in the pagecache beyond the folio being released but the on-server EOF is in this folio (ie. i_size > remote_i_size). The update needs to limit zero_point to remote_i_size, not i_size as i_size is a local phenomenon reflecting updates made locally to the pagecache, not stuff written to the server. remote_i_size tracks the server's i_size. [*] The zero point is the file position from which we can assume that the server will just return zeros, so we can avoid generating reads. Note that netfs_invalidate_folio() probably doesn't need fixing as zero_point should be updated by setattr after truncation or fallocate. Found with: fsx -q -N 1000000 -p 10000 -o 128000 -l 600000 \ /xfstest.test/junk --replay-ops=junk.fsxops using the following as junk.fsxops: truncate 0x0 0x1bbae 0x82864 write 0x3ef2e 0xf9c8 0x1bbae write 0x67e05 0xcb5a 0x4e8f6 mapread 0x57781 0x85b6 0x7495f copy_range 0x5d3d 0x10329 0x54fac 0x7495f write 0x64710 0x1c2b 0x7495f mapread 0x64000 0x1000 0x7495f on cifs with the default cache option. It shows read-gaps on folio 0x64 failing with a short read (ie. it hits EOF) if the FMODE_READ check is commented out in netfs_perform_write(): if (//(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) || netfs_is_cache_enabled(ctx)) { and no fscache. This was initially found with the generic/522 xfstest.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommupt: Check for missing PAGE_SIZE in the pgsize_bitmap Sashiko pointed out that the driver could drop PAGE_SIZE from the pgsize_bitmap. That is technically allowed but nothing does it, and such an iommu_domain would not be used with the DMA API today. Still, it is against the design and it is trivial to fix up. Lift the PT_WARN_ON to the if branch and just skip the fast path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu: Handle unmap error when iommu_debug is enabled Sashiko noticed a latent bug where the map error flow called iommu_unmap() which calls iommu_debug_unmap_begin()/iommu_debug_unmap_end() however since this is an error path the map flow never actually established the original iommu_debug_map() it will malfunction. Lift the unmap error handling into iommu_map_nosync() and reorder it so the trace_map()/iommu_debug_map() records the partial mapping and then immediately unmaps it. This avoid creating the unbalanced tracking and provides saner tracing instead of a unmap unmatched to any map.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm: Fix iommu_map_sgtable() return value check and avoid WARN Commit "iommu: return full error code from iommu_map_sg[_atomic]()" changed iommu_map_sgtable() to return an ssize_t and negative values in error cases, rather than a size_t and a zero. Store the return value in the appropriate type and in case of error, return it rather than WARNing. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/719685/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix write streaming disablement if fd open O_RDWR In netfs_perform_write(), "write streaming" (the caching of dirty data in dirty but !uptodate folios) is performed to avoid the need to read data that is just going to get immediately overwritten. However, this is/will be disabled in three circumstances: if the fd is open O_RDWR, if fscache is in use (as we need to round out the blocks for DIO) or if content encryption is enabled (again for rounding out purposes). The idea behind disabling it if the fd is open O_RDWR is that we'd need to flush the write-streaming page before we could read the data, particularly through mmap. But netfs now fills in the gaps if ->read_folio() is called on the page, so that is unnecessary. Further, this doesn't actually work if a separate fd is open for reading. Fix this by removing the check for O_RDWR, thereby allowing streaming writes even when we might read. This caused a number of problems with the generic/522 xfstest, but those are now fixed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: uniwill-laptop: Do not enable the charging limit even when forced It seems that on some older models (~2020) the battery charging limit can permanently damage the battery. Prevent users from enabling this feature thru the "force" module parameter to avoid causing permanent hardware damage on such devices.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: btmtk: fix urb->setup_packet leak in error paths The setup_packet of control urb is not freed if usb_submit_urb fails or the submitted urb is killed. Add free in these two paths.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: wilc1000: fix dma_buffer leak on bus acquire failure wilc_wlan_firmware_download() allocates dma_buffer with kmalloc() at the top of the function and uses a 'fail:' label to free it via kfree(dma_buffer) on error. All later error paths correctly use 'goto fail' to route through this cleanup. However, the early failure path after the first acquire_bus() call uses a bare 'return ret;', which leaks dma_buffer whenever the bus acquire fails. Replace the early return with goto fail so the existing cleanup path runs. Found via a custom Coccinelle semantic patch hunting for kmalloc'd locals leaked on early-return error paths in driver firmware-download code.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix metabuf leak in inode xattr initialization commit bb88e8da0025 ("erofs: use meta buffers for xattr operations") converted xattr operations to use on-stack erofs_buf instances. erofs_init_inode_xattrs() uses such a metabuf while reading the inline xattr header and shared xattr id array. Some error paths after erofs_read_metabuf() leave through out_unlock without dropping the metabuf, so the folio reference can leak. Consolidate the cleanup at out_unlock. erofs_put_metabuf() is a no-op if no folio has been acquired, and this keeps all paths after taking EROFS_I_BL_XATTR_BIT covered by a single cleanup site.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pds_core: fix debugfs_lookup dentry leak and error handling debugfs_lookup() returns a dentry with an elevated reference count that must be released with dput(). The current code discards the returned dentry without calling dput(), causing a reference leak on every firmware reset recovery. Additionally, when CONFIG_DEBUG_FS is disabled, debugfs_lookup() returns ERR_PTR(-ENODEV), not NULL. The current check passes for error pointers and would call dput() on an invalid pointer, causing a crash.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dma-mapping: move dma_map_resource() sanity check into debug code dma_map_resource() uses pfn_valid() to ensure the range is not RAM. However, pfn_valid() only checks for availability of the memory map for a PFN but it does not ensure that the PFN is actually backed by RAM. On ARM64 with SPARSEMEM (128MB section granularity), MMIO addresses that share a section with RAM will falsely trigger the WARN_ON_ONCE and cause dma_map_resource() to return DMA_MAPPING_ERROR. This causes a WARNING on Raspberry Pi 4 during spi_bcm2835 probe because the SPI FIFO register (0xfe204004) falls in the same sparsemem section as the end of RAM (0xf8000000-0xfbffffff), both in section 31 (0xf8000000-0xffffffff). Move the sanity check from dma_map_resource() into debug_dma_map_phys() and replace the unreliable pfn_valid() with pfn_valid() && !PageReserved(), which correctly identifies actual usable RAM without false positives for MMIO regions that happen to have struct pages. Since dma_map_resource() is dma_map_phys(DMA_ATTR_MMIO), the check applies equally to both APIs. Any non-reserved page represents kernel memory to a sufficient degree that using DMA_ATTR_MMIO on it is almost certainly wrong and risks breaking coherency on non-coherent platforms. ZONE_DEVICE pages used for PCI P2P DMA (MEMORY_DEVICE_PCI_P2PDMA) have PageReserved set, so they will not trigger a false positive. The check no longer blocks the mapping and uses err_printk() to integrate with dma-debug filtering.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: close durable scavenger races against m_fp_list lookups ksmbd_durable_scavenger() has two related races against any walker that iterates f_ci->m_fp_list, including ksmbd_lookup_fd_inode() (used by ksmbd_vfs_rename) and the share-mode checks in fs/smb/server/smb_common.c. (1) fp->node list-head reuse. Durable-preserved handles can remain linked on f_ci->m_fp_list after session teardown so share-mode checks still see them while the handle is reconnectable. The scavenger collected expired handles by adding fp->node to a local scavenger_list after removing them from the global durable idr. Because fp->node is the same list_head used by m_fp_list, list_add(&fp->node, &scavenger_list) overwrites the m_fp_list links and corrupts both lists. CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST can report this on the share-mode walk path. (2) Refcount race against m_fp_list walkers. The scavenger qualifies an expired durable handle with atomic_read(&fp->refcount) > 1 and fp->conn under global_ft.lock, removes fp from global_ft, then drops global_ft.lock before unlinking fp from m_fp_list and freeing it. During that gap fp is still linked on m_fp_list with f_state == FP_INITED. ksmbd_lookup_fd_inode() under m_lock read calls ksmbd_fp_get() (atomic_inc_not_zero on refcount that is still 1) and takes a live reference; the scavenger then unlinks and frees fp while the holder owns a reference, leading to UAF on the holder's subsequent ksmbd_fd_put() and on any field reads performed by a concurrent share-mode walker that iterates m_fp_list without taking ksmbd_fp_get() (smb_check_perm_dleases-like paths). Fix both: * Stop reusing fp->node as a scavenger-private list node. Remove one expired handle from global_ft under global_ft.lock, take an explicit transient reference, drop the lock, unlink fp->node from m_fp_list under f_ci->m_lock, then drop both the durable lifetime and transient references with atomic_sub_and_test(2, &fp->refcount). If the scavenger is the last putter the close runs there; otherwise an in-flight holder that already raced through the m_fp_list lookup owns the final close via its ksmbd_fd_put() path. The one-at-a-time disposal can rescan the durable idr when multiple handles expire in the same pass, but durable scavenging is a background expiration path and the final full scan recomputes min_timeout before the next wait. * Clear fp->persistent_id inside __ksmbd_remove_durable_fd() right after idr_remove(), so a delayed final close from a holder that snatched fp does not re-issue idr_remove() on a persistent id that idr_alloc_cyclic() in ksmbd_open_durable_fd() may have already handed out to a brand-new durable handle. * Bypass the per-conn open_files_count decrement in __put_fd_final() when fp is detached from any session table (fp->conn cleared by session_fd_check() at durable preserve -- paired with the volatile_id clear at unpublish, so checking fp->conn alone is sufficient). The walker that owns the final close runs from an unrelated work->conn whose stats.open_files_count never tracked this durable fp; without this guard the holder would underflow that unrelated counter. The two races are folded into one patch because patch (1) alone cleans up the corrupted list but leaves a deterministic UAF window for m_fp_list walkers that the transient-reference and persistent_id discipline in (2) close; bisecting onto an intermediate state would land on a UAF that pre-patch chaos merely made less reproducible. Validation: * CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST coverage for the list_head reuse path. * KASAN-enabled direct SMB2 durable-handle coverage that exercised ksmbd_durable_scavenger() and non-NULL ksmbd_lookup_fd_inode() returns while durable handles expired under concurrent rename lookups, with no KASAN, UAF, list-corruption, ODEBUG, or WARNING reports. ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pds_core: fix error handling in pdsc_devcmd_wait Fix two cases where pdsc_devcmd_wait() returns stale success from the completion register instead of an error: 1. FW crash: If firmware stops running, the wait loop breaks early with running=false. The condition "if ((!done || timeout) && running)" is false, so error handling is bypassed and stale status is returned. Check !running first and return -ENXIO. 2. Timeout: If a command times out, err is set to -ETIMEDOUT but then overwritten by pdsc_err_to_errno(status) which reads stale status. Return -ETIMEDOUT immediately after cleaning up. Both errors now propagate to pdsc_devcmd_locked() which queues health_work for recovery.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nft_inner: release local_lock before re-enabling softirqs Quoting sashiko: In the error path, local_bh_enable() is called before local_unlock_nested_bh().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) widen blackbox-info buffer to I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX adm1266_nvmem_read_blackbox() declares a 5-byte stack buffer and passes it to i2c_smbus_read_block_data() to retrieve the 4-byte BLACKBOX_INFO response. i2c_smbus_read_block_data() does not honour caller buffer sizes -- it memcpy()s data.block[0] bytes from the SMBus transaction (where data.block[0] is the length byte returned by the slave device, up to I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX = 32): memcpy(values, &data.block[1], data.block[0]); If the device returns any block length above 5, the call overflows the caller's 5-byte stack buffer before the post-call if (ret != 4) return -EIO; check has a chance to reject the response. Widen the local buffer to I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX so the helper has room for any well-formed SMBus block response, matching the convention used by the other i2c_smbus_read_block_data() callers in this driver.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix SID memory leak in set_posix_acl_entries_dacl() on overflow Commit 299f962c0b02 ("ksmbd: use check_add_overflow() to prevent u16 DACL size overflow") added check_add_overflow() guards that break out of the ACE-building loops in set_posix_acl_entries_dacl() when the accumulated DACL size would wrap past 65535. However, each iteration allocates a struct smb_sid via kmalloc_obj() at the top of the loop and relies on the kfree(sid) call at the end of the loop body (the 'pass_same_sid' label in the first loop, and the explicit kfree at the tail of the second loop) to release it. The newly introduced 'break' statements bypass those kfree() calls, leaking the sid buffer every time an overflow is detected. A malicious or malformed file with enough POSIX ACL entries to trip the overflow check will leak one or more struct smb_sid allocations on every request that touches the file's DACL, providing a trivial kernel memory exhaustion vector. Free sid before breaking out of the loops to plug the leak.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: ioam: refresh hdr pointer before ioam6_event() Reported by Sashiko: In ipv6_hop_ioam(), the hdr pointer is initialized to point into the skb's linear data buffer. Later, the code calls skb_ensure_writable(), which might reallocate the buffer: if (skb_ensure_writable(skb, optoff + 2 + hdr->opt_len)) goto drop; /* Trace pointer may have changed */ trace = (struct ioam6_trace_hdr *)(skb_network_header(skb) + optoff + sizeof(*hdr)); ioam6_fill_trace_data(skb, ns, trace, true); ioam6_event(IOAM6_EVENT_TRACE, dev_net(skb->dev), GFP_ATOMIC, (void *)trace, hdr->opt_len - 2); If the skb is cloned or lacks sufficient linear headroom, skb_ensure_writable() will invoke pskb_expand_head(), which reallocates the skb's data buffer and frees the old one, invalidating pointers to it. While the code recalculates the trace pointer immediately after the call to skb_ensure_writable(), it fails to recalculate the hdr pointer. This patch fixes the above by recalculating the hdr pointer before passing hdr->opt_len to ioam6_event(), so that we avoid any UaF.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: asihpi: Fix potential OOB array access at reading cache find_control() to retrieve a cached info accesses the array with the given index blindly, which may lead to an OOB array access. Add a sanity check for avoiding it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: pcm: Don't setup bogus iov_iter for silencing At transition to the iov_iter for PCM data transfer, we blindly applied the iov_iter setup also for silencing (i.e. data = NULL), and it leads to a calculation of bogus iov_iter. Fortunately this didn't cause troubles on most of architectures but it goes wrong on RISC-V now, causing a NULL dereference. Handle the NULL data case to treat the silencing in interleaved_copy() for addressing the bug above. noninterleaved_copy() has already the NULL data handling, so it doesn't need changes.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: protect tc_count increment in smb2_find_smb_sess_tcon_unlocked() Commit 96c4af418586 ("cifs: Fix locking usage for tcon fields") refactored cifs code to change cifs_tcp_ses_lock for tc_lock around tc_count changes. There was missing lock around tc_count increment inside smb2_find_smb_sess_tcon_unlocked().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: require net admin for CIFS SWN netlink CIFS_GENL_CMD_SWN_NOTIFY is the userspace witness-notify command. The intended sender is the cifs.witness helper, but the generic-netlink operation currently has no capability flag, so any local process can send RESOURCE_CHANGE or CLIENT_MOVE notifications to the in-kernel witness handler. The same family exposes CIFS_GENL_MCGRP_SWN without multicast-group capability flags. Register messages sent to that group include the witness registration id and, for NTLM-authenticated mounts, the username, domain, and password attributes copied from the CIFS session. An unprivileged local process should not be able to join that group and receive those messages. Require CAP_NET_ADMIN for incoming SWN_NOTIFY commands with GENL_ADMIN_PERM, and require CAP_NET_ADMIN over the network namespace for joining the SWN multicast group with GENL_MCAST_CAP_NET_ADMIN. The cifs.witness service runs with the privileges needed for both operations.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: validate SID in parent security descriptor during ACL inheritance Introduce smb_validate_ntsd_sid() helper to safely validate Owner SID and Group SID inside the NT Security Descriptor (smb_ntsd) retrieved from the parent directory.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix null pointer dereference in proc_show_files() When a SMB2 client opens a file with a durable v2 handle and then issues SMB2 SESSION_LOGOFF, session_fd_check() clears fp->tcon = NULL on the reconnectable file pointer but leaves the fp registered in global_ft.idr until the durable scavenger fires (up to fp->durable_timeout seconds later). During that window any read of /proc/fs/ksmbd/files (mode 0400) panics the kernel because proc_show_files() walks global_ft.idr and unconditionally dereferences fp->tcon->id with no NULL guard. Reproducer requires only a successful SMB2 SESSION_SETUP and a share configured with 'durable handles = yes'. KASAN report on mainline 70390501d194: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000000: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] RIP: 0010:proc_show_files+0x118/0x740 Call Trace: proc_show_files+0x118/0x740 seq_read_iter+0x4ef/0xe10 proc_reg_read_iter+0x1b7/0x280 ... Guard the dereference. A durable-disconnected fp legitimately has no tcon; report its tree id as 0 rather than oopsing.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix null pointer dereference in compare_guid_key() session_fd_check() walks the per-inode m_op_list during durable-handle session teardown and sets op->conn = NULL for every opinfo whose conn matched the closing session's connection. The matching opinfo, however, stays linked in its per-ClientGuid lease_table_list entry's lb->lease_list because destroy_lease_table() only runs on full TCP-connection teardown, not on SESSION_LOGOFF. If the same TCP connection then negotiates a fresh session with the same ClientGuid (ClientGuid is bound to NEGOTIATE, not the session, and is unchanged across LOGOFF + SETUP) and issues a SMB2 CREATE with a lease context on a different inode, find_same_lease_key() walks lb->lease_list, reaches the stale opinfo, and calls compare_guid_key(), which unconditionally dereferences opinfo->conn->ClientGUID. The conn pointer is NULL and the kernel panics. Reproducer requires only a successful SMB2 SESSION_SETUP and a share configured with 'durable handles = yes'. KASAN report on mainline 70390501d194: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000069: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000348-0x000000000000034f] Workqueue: ksmbd-io handle_ksmbd_work RIP: 0010:bcmp+0x5b/0x230 Call Trace: compare_guid_key+0x4b/0xd0 find_same_lease_key+0x324/0x690 smb2_open+0x6aea/0x8e60 handle_ksmbd_work+0x796/0xee0 ... Faulting address 0x348 is the offset of ClientGUID within struct ksmbd_conn, confirming opinfo->conn was NULL. Read opinfo->conn once and bail out if it has been cleared by a concurrent session_fd_check(). A half-detached opinfo cannot be the owner of an active lease, so returning 0 is the correct match result.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: ecred_reconfigure: send packed pdu, not stack pointer Commit 1c08108f3014 ("Bluetooth: L2CAP: Avoid -Wflex-array-member-not-at-end warnings") converted the on-stack request PDU in l2cap_ecred_reconfigure() from an explicit packed struct to DEFINE_RAW_FLEX(), but did not adjust the size and source-pointer arguments to l2cap_send_cmd(): - struct { - struct l2cap_ecred_reconf_req req; - __le16 scid; - } pdu; + DEFINE_RAW_FLEX(struct l2cap_ecred_reconf_req, pdu, scid, 1); ... l2cap_send_cmd(conn, chan->ident, L2CAP_ECRED_RECONF_REQ, sizeof(pdu), &pdu); After the conversion, DEFINE_RAW_FLEX() expands to declare an anonymous union pdu_u plus a local pointer "pdu" pointing at it. Therefore: - sizeof(pdu) is now sizeof(struct l2cap_ecred_reconf_req *) = 8 on 64-bit (4 on 32-bit), not the 6 bytes of (mtu, mps, scid[1]). - &pdu is the address of the local pointer's stack storage, not the address of the request payload. l2cap_send_cmd() forwards (data, count) to l2cap_build_cmd(), which calls skb_put_data(skb, data, count). The L2CAP_ECRED_RECONFIGURE_REQ packet body therefore contains 8 bytes copied from the kernel stack starting at &pdu -- the 8 bytes overlap the pdu pointer's value, leaking a kernel stack address to the paired Bluetooth peer. The intended (mtu, mps, scid) fields are not transmitted at all, so the peer rejects the request as malformed and the L2CAP_ECRED_RECONFIGURE feature itself has been broken for the local-side initiator since the introducing commit landed. The sibling site l2cap_ecred_conn_req() in the same commit was converted correctly (sizeof(*pdu) + len, pdu); only this site was missed. Restore the original semantics: pass the full flex-struct size via struct_size(pdu, scid, 1) and the pdu pointer (the struct address) as the source. Validated on a stock 7.0-based host kernel via the real call path: setsockopt(SOL_BLUETOOTH, BT_RCVMTU, ...) on a BT_CONNECTED L2CAP_MODE_EXT_FLOWCTL socket emits an L2CAP_ECRED_RECONFIGURE_REQ whose body is 8 bytes (the on-stack pdu local's value) rather than the expected 6. Three captures from fresh socket / fresh hciemu peer on the same host -- low bytes vary per call, high 0xffff confirms a kernel virtual address (KASLR-randomised stack slot, not a fixed string): RECONF_REQ body (ident=0x02 len=8): 42 fb 54 af 0e ca ff ff RECONF_REQ body (ident=0x02 len=8): 52 3d 2e af 0e ca ff ff RECONF_REQ body (ident=0x02 len=8): b2 fc 5b af 0e ca ff ff After this patch the body is 6 bytes carrying the expected little-endian (mtu, mps, scid).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: ISO: drop ISO_END frames received without prior ISO_START ISO data PDUs carry a packet-boundary flag indicating START, CONT, END or SINGLE. The ISO_CONT branch of iso_recv() guards against a missing ISO_START by checking conn->rx_len before touching conn->rx_skb, but ISO_END does not. If a peer sends an ISO_END as the first packet on a fresh ISO connection, conn->rx_skb is still NULL and conn->rx_len is zero, so skb_put(conn->rx_skb, ...) dereferences NULL and oopses. For BIS, where receivers sync to a broadcaster without pairing, any broadcaster on the air can trigger this. Mirror the ISO_CONT check at the top of ISO_END so a stray end fragment is logged and dropped instead of crashing the host.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/migrate_device: fix spinlock leak in migrate_vma_insert_huge_pmd_page When check_stable_address_space() fails after the PMD spinlock has been acquired via pmd_lock(), the code jumps directly to the abort label, bypassing the spin_unlock() call in unlock_abort. This causes the PMD spinlock to be permanently held, leading to a deadlock. Change the goto target from abort to unlock_abort to ensure the spinlock is always released on this error path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/page_alloc: fix initialization of tags of the huge zero folio with init_on_free __GFP_ZEROTAGS semantics are currently a bit weird, but effectively this flag is only ever set alongside __GFP_ZERO and __GFP_SKIP_KASAN. If we run with init_on_free, we will zero out pages during __free_pages_prepare(), to skip zeroing on the allocation path. However, when allocating with __GFP_ZEROTAG set, post_alloc_hook() will consequently not only skip clearing page content, but also skip clearing tag memory. Not clearing tags through __GFP_ZEROTAGS is irrelevant for most pages that will get mapped to user space through set_pte_at() later: set_pte_at() and friends will detect that the tags have not been initialized yet (PG_mte_tagged not set), and initialize them. However, for the huge zero folio, which will be mapped through a PMD marked as special, this initialization will not be performed, ending up exposing whatever tags were still set for the pages. The docs (Documentation/arch/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst) state that allocation tags are set to 0 when a page is first mapped to user space. That no longer holds with the huge zero folio when init_on_free is enabled. Fix it by decoupling __GFP_ZEROTAGS from __GFP_ZERO, passing to tag_clear_highpages() whether we want to also clear page content. Invert the meaning of the tag_clear_highpages() return value to have clearer semantics. Reproduced with the huge zero folio by modifying the check_buffer_fill arm64/mte selftest to use a 2 MiB area, after making sure that pages have a non-0 tag set when freeing (note that, during boot, we will not actually initialize tags, but only set KASAN_TAG_KERNEL in the page flags). $ ./check_buffer_fill 1..20 ... not ok 17 Check initial tags with private mapping, sync error mode and mmap memory not ok 18 Check initial tags with private mapping, sync error mode and mmap/mprotect memory ... This code needs more cleanups; we'll tackle that next, like decoupling __GFP_ZEROTAGS from __GFP_SKIP_KASAN. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/__GPF_ZERO/__GFP_ZERO/, per David]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/memory: fix spurious warning when unmapping device-private/exclusive pages Device private and exclusive entries are only supported for anonymous folios. This condition is tested in __migrate_device_pages() and make_device_exclusive() using folio_test_anon(). However the unmap path tests this assumption using vma_is_anonymous(). This is wrong because whilst anonymous VMAs can only contain folios where folio_test_anon() is true the opposite relation does not hold. A folio for which folio_test_anon() is true does not imply vma_is_anonymous() is true. Such a condition can occur if for example a folio is part of a private filebacked mapping. In this case vma_is_anonymous() is false as the mapping is filebacked, but folio_test_anon() may be true, thus permitting devices to migrate the folio to device private memory. This can lead to the following spurious warnings during process teardown: [ 772.737706] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 772.739201] WARNING: mm/memory.c:1754 at unmap_page_range.cold+0x26/0x18a, CPU#17: hmm-tests/2041 [ 772.742050] Modules linked in: test_hmm nvidia_uvm(O) nvidia(O) [ 772.743959] CPU: 17 UID: 0 PID: 2041 Comm: hmm-tests Tainted: G W O 7.0.0+ #387 PREEMPT(full) [ 772.747104] Tainted: [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE [ 772.748509] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.17.0-0-gb52ca86e094d-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 772.752117] RIP: 0010:unmap_page_range.cold+0x26/0x18a [ 772.753780] Code: 7e fe ff ff 48 89 4c 24 78 4c 89 44 24 38 e8 f2 ff b1 00 48 8b 4c 24 78 4c 8b 44 24 38 48 8b 44 24 18 48 83 78 48 00 74 04 90 <0f> 0b 90 48 89 ca b8 ff ff 37 00 48 c1 ea 03 48 c1 e0 2a 80 3c 02 [ 772.759602] RSP: 0018:ffff888112607550 EFLAGS: 00010286 [ 772.761310] RAX: ffff88811bbf4dc0 RBX: dffffc0000000000 RCX: ffffea03e9bfffd8 [ 772.763583] RDX: 1ffff1102377e9c1 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffff88811bbf4e08 [ 772.765914] RBP: 0000000000000006 R08: ffff8881059f7448 R09: ffffed10224c0e68 [ 772.768184] R10: ffff888112607347 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000001 [ 772.770461] R13: ffffea03e9bfffc0 R14: ffff888112607908 R15: ffffea03e9bfffc0 [ 772.772782] FS: 00007f327caa2780(0000) GS:ffff888427b7d000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 772.775328] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 772.777187] CR2: 00007f327ca89000 CR3: 00000001994d5000 CR4: 00000000000006f0 [ 772.779135] Call Trace: [ 772.779792] <TASK> [ 772.780317] ? dmirror_interval_invalidate+0x1a3/0x290 [test_hmm] [ 772.781873] ? vm_normal_page_pud+0x2b0/0x2b0 [ 772.782992] ? __rwlock_init+0x150/0x150 [ 772.784006] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.785008] ? __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start+0x505/0x6e0 [ 772.786522] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.787498] ? unmap_single_vma+0xb6/0x210 [ 772.788573] unmap_vmas+0x27d/0x520 [ 772.789506] ? unmap_single_vma+0x210/0x210 [ 772.790607] ? mas_update_gap.part.0+0x620/0x620 [ 772.791834] unmap_region+0x19e/0x350 [ 772.792769] ? remove_vma+0x130/0x130 [ 772.793684] ? mas_alloc_nodes+0x1f2/0x300 [ 772.794730] vms_complete_munmap_vmas+0x8c1/0xe20 [ 772.795926] ? unmap_region+0x350/0x350 [ 772.796917] do_vmi_align_munmap+0x36a/0x4e0 [ 772.798018] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.799024] ? vma_shrink+0x620/0x620 [ 772.799983] do_vmi_munmap+0x150/0x2c0 [ 772.800939] __vm_munmap+0x161/0x2c0 [ 772.801872] ? expand_downwards+0xd60/0xd60 [ 772.802948] ? clockevents_program_event+0x1ef/0x540 [ 772.804217] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.805158] __x64_sys_munmap+0x59/0x80 [ 772.805776] do_syscall_64+0xfc/0x670 [ 772.806336] ? irqentry_exit+0xda/0x580 [ 772.806976] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [ 772.807772] RIP: 0033:0x7f327cbb2717 [ 772.808323] Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d f9 76 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 b8 0b 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: devmem: reject dma-buf bind with non-page-aligned size or SG length net_devmem_bind_dmabuf() trusts dmabuf->size and sg_dma_len() to be PAGE_SIZE multiples without checking: - tx_vec is sized dmabuf->size / PAGE_SIZE, and net_devmem_get_niov_at() only bounds-checks virt_addr < dmabuf->size before indexing tx_vec[virt_addr / PAGE_SIZE]. With size = N*PAGE_SIZE + r (1 <= r < PAGE_SIZE), sendmsg() at iov_base = N*PAGE_SIZE passes the bound check and reads tx_vec[N] -- one past. - owner->area.num_niovs = len / PAGE_SIZE while gen_pool_add_owner() covers the full byte len, so a non-page-multiple non-final sg desyncs num_niovs from the gen_pool region for every later sg, on both RX and TX. dma-buf does not require page-aligned sizes, so the bind path has to enforce what its own indexing assumes. Reject both with -EINVAL. The size check is TX-only (only tx_vec is sized off dmabuf->size); the SG-length check covers both directions.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bcmgenet: keep RBUF EEE/PM disabled Setting RBUF_EEE_EN | RBUF_PM_EN in RBUF_ENERGY_CTRL breaks the RX path on GENET hardware once MAC EEE becomes active. RX traffic stops flowing while the link stays up and the usual descriptor/RX error counters remain quiet. In that state the MAC still accepts frames (rbuf_ovflow_cnt keeps climbing) but RBUF no longer forwards them to DMA, so rx_packets is no longer incremented at the netdev level. On some boards the corruption ends up as a paging fault in skb_release_data via bcmgenet_rx_poll on an LPI exit. Reproduced on Pi 4B (BCM2711 + BCM54213PE) and confirmed by Florian Fainelli on an internal Broadcom 4908-family board with the same crash signature. RBUF_PM_EN is not publicly documented. This shows up more often now that phy_support_eee() enables EEE by default, but it also affects older kernels as soon as TX LPI is turned on via ethtool, so it is not specific to recent changes. Always clear RBUF_EEE_EN | RBUF_PM_EN in bcmgenet_eee_enable_set so the bits stay off across resets. UMAC and TBUF setup is left alone so TX-side EEE keeps working.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: MGMT: validate Add Extended Advertising Data length MGMT_OP_ADD_EXT_ADV_DATA is registered as a variable-length command, with MGMT_ADD_EXT_ADV_DATA_SIZE as the fixed header size. The handler then uses cp->adv_data_len and cp->scan_rsp_len to validate and copy cp->data, but it never checks that those bytes are part of the mgmt command payload. A short command can therefore make add_ext_adv_data() pass an out-of-bounds pointer into tlv_data_is_valid(). If the bytes beyond the command buffer are addressable, they can also be copied into the advertising instance as scan response data, where the caller can read them back via MGMT_OP_GET_ADV_INSTANCE. The trigger requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the initial user namespace; KASAN reports an 8-byte slab-out-of-bounds read. Reject commands whose length does not match the fixed header plus both advertising data lengths before parsing cp->data.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: use list_del_rcu in l2tp_session_unhash An unprivileged local user can pin a host CPU indefinitely in l2tp_session_get_by_ifname() by issuing L2TP_CMD_SESSION_GET on L2TP_ATTR_IFNAME concurrently with L2TP_CMD_SESSION_CREATE and L2TP_CMD_SESSION_DELETE on the same tunnel. All three commands take GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM, so CAP_NET_ADMIN in the netns user namespace suffices; on any host that has l2tp_core loaded the trigger is reachable from a standard `unshare -Urn` sandbox. l2tp_session_unhash() removes a session from tunnel->session_list with list_del_init(), but that list is walked by l2tp_session_get_by_ifname() with list_for_each_entry_rcu() under rcu_read_lock_bh(). list_del_init() leaves the deleted entry's next/prev self-pointing; a reader that has loaded the entry and then advances pos->list.next reads &session->list, container_of()s back to the same session, and list_for_each_entry_rcu() never reaches the list head. The CPU stays in strcmp() inside the walker, with BH and preemption disabled, so RCU grace periods on the host stall behind it and the wedged thread cannot be killed (SIGKILL is delivered on syscall return). Use list_del_rcu() to match the existing list_add_rcu() in l2tp_session_register(); the deleted session remains visible to in-flight walkers with consistent next/prev pointers until kfree_rcu() in l2tp_session_free() releases it. tunnel->session_list has exactly one list_del_init() call site; the list_del_init (&session->clist) at l2tp_core.c:533 operates on the per-collision list, which is not walked under RCU. list_empty(&session->list) is not used anywhere in net/l2tp/ after the unhash point, so dropping the post-delete self-init is safe; the fix has no userspace-visible behavior change.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethtool: fix NULL pointer dereference in phy_reply_size In phy_prepare_data(), several strings such as 'name', 'drvname', 'upstream_sfp_name', and 'downstream_sfp_name' are allocated using kstrdup(). However, these allocations were not checked for failure. If kstrdup() fails for 'name', it returns NULL while the function continues. This leads to a kernel NULL pointer dereference and panic later in phy_reply_size() when it unconditionally calls strlen() on the NULL pointer. While other strings like 'upstream_sfp_name' might be checked before access in certain code paths, failing to handle these allocations consistently can lead to incomplete data reporting or hidden bugs. Fix this by adding proper NULL checks for all kstrdup() calls in phy_prepare_data() and implement a centralized error handling path using goto labels to ensure all previously allocated resources are freed on failure.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ifb: report ethtool stats over num_tx_queues ifb_dev_init() allocates dp->tx_private to dev->num_tx_queues entries via kzalloc_objs(*txp, dev->num_tx_queues). Both IFB per-queue RX and TX stats live in those entries: ifb_xmit() updates txp->rx_stats using the skb queue mapping, ifb_ri_tasklet() updates txp->tx_stats, and ifb_stats64() aggregates both over dev->num_tx_queues. The ethtool stats callbacks instead size and walk the per-queue stats with dev->real_num_rx_queues and dev->real_num_tx_queues. With an asymmetric device where the RX queue count exceeds the TX queue count, for example: ip link add name ifb10 numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 8 type ifb ethtool -S ifb10 ifb_get_ethtool_stats() indexes past the tx_private allocation and copies adjacent slab data through ETHTOOL_GSTATS. Use dev->num_tx_queues consistently for the stats strings, the stats count, and the stats data walks. This reports one RX stats group and one TX stats group for each backing ifb_q_private entry, which is the queue set IFB can actually populate. Reproduced under UML+KASAN at v7.1-rc2: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ifb_fill_stats_data+0x3c/0xae Read of size 8 at addr 0000000062dbd228 by task ethtool/36 ifb_fill_stats_data+0x3c/0xae ifb_get_ethtool_stats+0xc0/0x129 __dev_ethtool+0x1ca5/0x363c dev_ethtool+0x123/0x1b3 dev_ioctl+0x56c/0x744 sock_do_ioctl+0x15f/0x1b2 sock_ioctl+0x4d5/0x50a sys_ioctl+0xd8b/0xde9 With the patch applied, the same UML+KASAN repro is silent and ethtool -S ifb10 reports only the stats backed by the single allocated tx_private entry.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: ioam: add NULL check for idev in ipv6_hop_ioam() Reported by Sashiko: The function ipv6_hop_ioam() accesses __in6_dev_get(skb->dev)->cnf.ioam6_enabled without validating the returned idev pointer. Because addrconf_ifdown() can concurrently clear dev->ip6_ptr via RCU, __in6_dev_get() can return NULL during interface teardown, which could cause a NULL pointer dereference when processing an IOAM Hop-by-Hop option. Let's add a check and use SKB_DROP_REASON_IPV6DISABLED accordingly.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mac80211: capture fast-RX rate before mesh reuses skb->cb ieee80211_invoke_fast_rx() reads RX status through IEEE80211_SKB_RXCB(skb), which aliases the same skb->cb storage that ieee80211_rx_mesh_data() reuses as IEEE80211_TX_INFO. In the unicast forward path, mesh_data does: info = IEEE80211_SKB_CB(fwd_skb); memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info)); on the same skb the caller still names via rx->skb, then either queues the skb for TX (success) or kfree_skb()'s it (no-route) before returning RX_QUEUED. The caller's RX_QUEUED arm then calls sta_stats_encode_rate(status) on memory that is either zeroed (success path) or freed (no-route path). The latter is KASAN slab-use-after-free in ieee80211_prepare_and_rx_handle. Fix by encoding the rate from status before invoking ieee80211_rx_mesh_data(), so the RX_QUEUED arm consumes a value captured while status was still backed by valid memory.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: qed: fix double free in qed_cxt_tables_alloc() If one of the later PF or VF CID bitmap allocations fails, qed_cid_map_alloc() jumps to cid_map_fail and frees the previously allocated CID bitmaps before returning an error. qed_cxt_tables_alloc() then calls qed_cxt_mngr_free(), which invokes qed_cid_map_free() again. Fix this by setting each CID bitmap pointer to NULL after bitmap_free() to avoid double free. The bug was first flagged by an experimental analysis tool we are developing for kernel memory-management bugs while analyzing v6.13-rc1. The tool is still under development and is not yet publicly available. Manual inspection confirms that the bug is still present in v7.1-rc3. Runtime reproduction was not attempted because exercising the failing allocation path requires device-specific setup.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: Fix use-after-free in mlx5e_tx_reporter_timeout_recover mlx5e_tx_reporter_timeout_recover() accesses sq->netdev after mlx5e_safe_reopen_channels() has torn down and freed the channel (and its embedded SQs). Replace the three sq->netdev references with priv->netdev which is safe because priv outlives channel teardown. The netdev_err() call already used priv->netdev for this reason; make the trylock/unlock and health_channel_eq_recover calls consistent. This fixes the following KASAN splat: BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in mlx5e_tx_reporter_timeout_recover+0x1dd/0x360 [mlx5_core] Read of size 8 at addr ffff889860ed0b28 by task kworker/u113:2/5277 Call Trace: mlx5e_tx_reporter_timeout_recover+0x1dd/0x360 [mlx5_core] devlink_health_reporter_recover+0xa2/0x150 devlink_health_report+0x254/0x7c0 mlx5e_reporter_tx_timeout+0x297/0x380 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_tx_timeout_work+0x109/0x170 [mlx5_core] process_one_work+0x677/0xf20 worker_thread+0x51f/0xd90 kthread+0x3a5/0x810 ret_from_fork+0x208/0x400 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: hsr: defer node table free until after RCU readers HSR node-list and node-status generic-netlink operations run under rcu_read_lock(). They walk hsr->node_db through hsr_get_next_node() and hsr_get_node_data(), but RTM_DELLINK teardown removes the same node table with plain list_del() and frees each node immediately. That lets a generic-netlink reader hold a struct hsr_node pointer across hsr_dellink(). In a KASAN build, widening the reader window after hsr_get_next_node() obtains the node reproduces a slab-use-after-free when the reader copies node->macaddress_A; the freeing stack is hsr_del_nodes() from hsr_dellink(). Use list_del_rcu() and defer the free through the existing hsr_free_node_rcu() callback. This matches the lifetime rule used by the HSR prune paths, which already delete nodes with list_del_rcu() and call_rcu().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: codecs: pcm512x: fix null-ptr dereference in pcm512x_overclock_xxx_put() In the pcm512x chipset driver, pcm512x_overclock_xxx_put() is defined as a general mixer kcontrol instead of a DAPM kcontrol, so struct snd_soc_dapm_context must not be accessed via snd_soc_dapm_kcontrol_to_dapm(). This causes a NULL pointer dereference, so it must be modified to use snd_soc_component_to_dapm().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: igc: fix potential skb leak in igc_fpe_xmit_smd_frame() When igc_fpe_init_tx_descriptor() fails, no one takes care of an allocated skb, leaking it. [1] Use dev_kfree_skb_any() on failure. Tested on an I226 adapter with the following command, while injecting faults in igc_fpe_init_tx_descriptor() to trigger the error path. # ethtool --set-mm $DEV verify-enabled on tx-enabled on pmac-enabled on [1] unreferenced object 0xffff888113c6cdc0 (size 224): ... backtrace (crc be3d3fda): kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof+0x3b1/0x410 __alloc_skb+0xde/0x830 igc_fpe_xmit_smd_frame.isra.0+0xad/0x1b0 igc_fpe_send_mpacket+0x37/0x90 ethtool_mmsv_verify_timer+0x15e/0x300

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: Fix busy dentry used after unmounting Since commit 340cea84f691c ("cifs: open files should not hold ref on superblock"), cifs file only holds the dentry ref_cnt, the cifs file close work(cfile->deferred) could be executed after unmounting, which will trigger a warning in generic_shutdown_super: BUG: Dentry 00000000a14a6845{i=c,n=file} still in use (1) [unmount of cifs cifs] The detailed processs is: process A process B kworker fd = open(PATH) vfs_open file->__f_path = *path // dentry->d_lockref.count = 1 cifs_open cifs_new_fileinfo cfile->dentry = dget(dentry) // dentry->d_lockref.count = 2 close(fd) __fput cifs_close queue_delayed_work(deferredclose_wq, cfile->deferred) dput(dentry) // dentry->d_lockref.count = 1 smb2_deferred_work_close _cifsFileInfo_put list_del(&cifs_file->flist) umount cleanup_mnt deactivate_super cifs_kill_sb cifs_close_all_deferred_files_sb cifs_close_all_deferred_files // cannot find cfile, skip _cifsFileInfo_put kill_anon_super generic_shutdown_super shrink_dcache_for_umount umount_check WARN ! // dentry->d_lockref.count = 1 cifsFileInfo_put_final dput(cifs_file->dentry) // dentry->d_lockref.count = 0 Fix it by flushing 'deferredclose_wq' before calling kill_anon_super. Fetch a reproducer in https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=221548.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: af_unix: Fix UAF read of tail->len in unix_stream_data_wait() unix_stream_data_wait() does skb_peek_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue) without holding any lock that prevents SKBs on that queue from being dequeued and freed. This has been the case since commit 79f632c71bea ("unix/stream: fix peeking with an offset larger than data in queue"). The first consequence of this is that the pointer comparison `tail != last` can be false even if `last` semantically refers to an already-freed SKB while `tail` is a new SKB allocated at the same address; which can cause unix_stream_data_wait() to wrongly keep blocking after new data has arrived, but only in a weird scenario where a peeking recv() and a normal recv() on the same socket are racing, which is probably not a real problem. But since commit 2b514574f7e8 ("net: af_unix: implement splice for stream af_unix sockets"), `tail` is actually dereferenced, which can cause UAF in the following race scenario (where test_setup() runs single-threaded, and afterwards, test_thread1() and test_thread2() run concurrently in two threads: ``` static int socks[2]; void test_setup(void) { socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, socks); send(socks[1], "A", 1, 0); int peekoff = 1; setsockopt(socks[0], SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEEK_OFF, &peekoff, sizeof(peekoff)); } void test_thread1(void) { char dummy; recv(socks[0], &dummy, 1, MSG_PEEK); } void test_thread2(void) { char dummy; recv(socks[0], &dummy, 1, 0); shutdown(socks[1], SHUT_WR); } ``` when racing like this: ``` thread1 thread2 unix_stream_read_generic mutex_lock(&u->iolock) skb_peek(&sk->sk_receive_queue) skb_peek_next(skb, &sk->sk_receive_queue) mutex_unlock(&u->iolock) unix_stream_read_generic unix_state_lock(sk) skb_peek(&sk->sk_receive_queue) unix_state_unlock(sk) unix_stream_data_wait unix_state_lock(sk) tail = skb_peek_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue) spin_lock(&sk->sk_receive_queue.lock) __skb_unlink(skb, &sk->sk_receive_queue) spin_unlock(&sk->sk_receive_queue.lock) consume_skb(skb) [frees the SKB] `tail != last`: false `tail`: true `tail->len != last_len` ***UAF*** ``` Fix the UAF by removing the read of tail->len; checking tail->len would only make sense if SKBs in the receive queue of a UNIX socket could grow, which can no longer happen. Kuniyuki explained: > When commit 869e7c62486e ("net: af_unix: implement stream sendpage > support") added sendpage() support, data could be appended to the last > skb in the receiver's queue. > > That's why we needed to check if the length of the last skb was changed > while waiting for new data in unix_stream_data_wait(). > > However, commit a0dbf5f818f9 ("af_unix: Support MSG_SPLICE_PAGES") and > commit 57d44a354a43 ("unix: Convert unix_stream_sendpage() to use > MSG_SPLICE_PAGES") refactored sendmsg(), and now data is always added > to a new skb. That means this fix is not suitable for kernels before 6.5.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: lsm: hold cred_guard_mutex for lsm_set_self_attr() Just as proc_pid_attr_write() already does before calling the LSM hook. This only matters for SELinux and AppArmor which check whether the process is being ptraced and if so, whether to allow the transition.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rbd: eliminate a race in lock_dwork draining on unmap Given how rbd_lock_add_request() and rbd_img_exclusive_lock() are written, lock_dwork may be (re)queued more than it's actually needed: for example in case a new I/O request comes in while we are in the middle of rbd_acquire_lock() on behalf of another I/O request. This is expected and with rbd_release_lock() preemptively canceling lock_dwork is benign under normal operation. A more problematic example is maybe_kick_acquire(): if (have_requests || delayed_work_pending(&rbd_dev->lock_dwork)) { dout("%s rbd_dev %p kicking lock_dwork\n", __func__, rbd_dev); mod_delayed_work(rbd_dev->task_wq, &rbd_dev->lock_dwork, 0); } It's not unrealistic for lock_dwork to get canceled right after delayed_work_pending() returns true and for mod_delayed_work() to requeue it right there anyway. This is a classic TOCTOU race. When it comes to unmapping the image, there is an implicit assumption of no self-initiated exclusive lock activity past the point of return from rbd_dev_image_unlock() which unlocks the lock if it happens to be held. This unlock is assumed to be final and lock_dwork (as well as all other exclusive lock tasks, really) isn't expected to get queued again. However, lock_dwork is canceled only in cancel_tasks_sync() (i.e. later in the unmap sequence) and on top of that the cancellation can get in effect nullified by maybe_kick_acquire(). This may result in rbd_acquire_lock() executing after rbd_dev_device_release() and rbd_dev_image_release() run and free and/or reset a bunch of things. One of the possible failure modes then is a violated rbd_assert(rbd_image_format_valid(rbd_dev->image_format)); in rbd_dev_header_info() which is called via rbd_dev_refresh() from rbd_post_acquire_action(). Redo exclusive lock task draining to provide saner semantics and try to meet the assumptions around rbd_dev_image_unlock().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ixgbevf: fix use-after-free in VEPA multicast source pruning ixgbevf_clean_rx_irq() prunes frames whose source MAC matches the VF's own address (VEPA multicast workaround) by freeing the skb and continuing to the next descriptor: dev_kfree_skb_irq(skb); continue; The skb pointer is declared outside the while loop and persists across iterations. Because the continue skips the "skb = NULL" reset at the bottom of the loop, the next iteration enters the "else if (skb)" path and calls ixgbevf_add_rx_frag() on the freed skb, dereferencing skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags - a use-after-free in NAPI softirq context. The sibling driver iavf already handles this correctly by nulling the pointer before continuing. Apply the same pattern here. I do not have ixgbevf hardware; the bug was found by static analysis (scan_drop_continue_loops.py + semgrep drop_continue_in_loop, multi-tool corroboration with the highest score in the scan). The UAF was confirmed under KASAN by loading a test module that reproduces the exact code pattern (alloc skb, kfree_skb, then read skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags): BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ixgbevf_uaf_test_init+0x100/0x1000 Read of size 8 at addr 000000006163ae78 by task insmod/30 freed 208-byte region [000000006163adc0, 000000006163ae90) QEMU emulates igb (82576) but not ixgbe (82599), and the igbvf VF driver does not include the VEPA source pruning path, so a full end-to-end reproduction with emulated hardware was not possible.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv4: raw: reject IP_HDRINCL packets with ihl < 5 raw_send_hdrinc() validates that the caller-supplied IPv4 header fits within the message length: iphlen = iph->ihl * 4; err = -EINVAL; if (iphlen > length) goto error_free; if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph)) { /* fix up saddr, tot_len, id, csum, transport_header */ } It does not, however, reject ihl < 5. For such a packet the "if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph))" branch is skipped, leaving the crafted iphdr untouched, but the packet is still handed to __ip_local_out() and onward. Downstream consumers that read iph->ihl assume a sane value: net/ipv4/ah4.c:ah_output() in particular subtracts sizeof(struct iphdr) from top_iph->ihl * 4 and passes the (signed-int-negative, then cast to size_t) result to memcpy(), producing an OOB access of length close to SIZE_MAX and a host kernel panic. An IPv4 header with ihl < 5 is malformed by definition (RFC 791: "Internet Header Length is the length of the internet header in 32 bit words ... Note that the minimum value for a correct header is 5."). The kernel should not be willing to inject such a packet into its own output path. Reject "iphlen < sizeof(*iph)" alongside the existing "iphlen > length" check. This matches the principle that locally constructed packets that re-enter the IP stack must pass the same basic sanity tests that a foreign packet would be subjected to. Once this lands, the "if (iphlen >= sizeof(*iph))" wrapper around the fixup branch becomes redundant; left in place to keep the patch minimal and backport-friendly. A follow-up can unwrap it. Note that commit 86f4c90a1c5c ("ipv4, ipv6: ensure raw socket message is big enough to hold an IP header") ensures the message buffer is large enough to hold an iphdr, but does not constrain the self-reported iph->ihl. Reachability: the malformed packet source is any caller with CAP_NET_RAW, including an unprivileged process in a user+net namespace on a kernel with CONFIG_USER_NS=y. The reproduced AH crash also requires a matching xfrm AH policy on the outgoing route; a container granted CAP_NET_ADMIN can install that state and policy in its netns. Loopback bypasses xfrm_output, so the trigger uses a real netdev. Reproduced on UML + KASAN: kernel-mode fault at addr 0x0 with memcpy_orig at the crash site. Same shape reproduces inside a rootless Docker container with --cap-add NET_ADMIN on a stock distro kernel.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vsock/vmci: fix UAF when peer resets connection during handshake vmci_transport_recv_connecting_server() returned err = 0 for a peer RST in its default switch arm: err = pkt->type == VMCI_TRANSPORT_PACKET_TYPE_RST ? 0 : -EINVAL; That made vmci_transport_recv_listen() skip vsock_remove_pending(), leaving the pending socket on the listener's pending_links with sk_state = TCP_CLOSE while destroy: still dropped the explicit reference taken before schedule_delayed_work(). One second later vsock_pending_work() observed is_pending=true and performed full cleanup: vsock_remove_pending() then the two trailing sock_put(sk) calls -- the first reached refcount 0 and __sk_freed the socket, and the second wrote into the freed object: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in refcount_warn_saturate Write of size 4 at addr ffff88800b1cac80 by task kworker Workqueue: events vsock_pending_work Treat peer RST like any other unexpected packet type (err = -EINVAL). All destroy: arms now return err < 0, so vmci_transport_recv_listen() removes pending from pending_links synchronously and vsock_pending_work() takes the is_pending=false / !rejected branch, dropping only its own work reference. This also closes the multi-packet race Sashiko reported on v2: pending is removed from the list before any subsequent packet can find it. The pre-existing sk_acceptq_removed() gap on the err < 0 path of vmci_transport_recv_listen() that Sashiko also noted is not introduced or changed by this patch. Tested on lts-6.12.79 with KASAN: 52/100 unpatched -> 0/100 patched.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm: Fix shrinker deadlock With PROVE_LOCKING on an Snapdragon X1 and VM reclaim pressure, we see: ====================================================== WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected 7.0.0-debug+ #43 Tainted: G W ------------------------------------------------------ kswapd0/82 is trying to acquire lock: ffff800080ec3870 (reservation_ww_class_acquire){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: msm_gem_shrinker_scan+0x17c/0x400 [msm] but task is already holding lock: ffffc31709b263b8 (fs_reclaim){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: balance_pgdat+0x88/0x988 which lock already depends on the new lock. the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: -> #2 (fs_reclaim){+.+.}-{0:0}: __lock_acquire+0x4d0/0xad0 lock_acquire.part.0+0xc4/0x248 lock_acquire+0x8c/0x248 fs_reclaim_acquire+0xd0/0xf0 dma_resv_lockdep+0x224/0x348 do_one_initcall+0x84/0x5d0 do_initcalls+0x194/0x1d8 kernel_init_freeable+0x128/0x180 kernel_init+0x2c/0x160 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 -> #1 (reservation_ww_class_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}: __lock_acquire+0x4d0/0xad0 lock_acquire.part.0+0xc4/0x248 lock_acquire+0x8c/0x248 dma_resv_lockdep+0x1a8/0x348 do_one_initcall+0x84/0x5d0 do_initcalls+0x194/0x1d8 kernel_init_freeable+0x128/0x180 kernel_init+0x2c/0x160 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 -> #0 (reservation_ww_class_acquire){+.+.}-{0:0}: check_prev_add+0x114/0x790 validate_chain+0x594/0x6f0 __lock_acquire+0x4d0/0xad0 lock_acquire.part.0+0xc4/0x248 lock_acquire+0x8c/0x248 drm_gem_lru_scan+0x1ac/0x440 msm_gem_shrinker_scan+0x17c/0x400 [msm] do_shrink_slab+0x150/0x4a0 shrink_slab+0x144/0x460 shrink_one+0x9c/0x1b0 shrink_many+0x27c/0x5c0 shrink_node+0x344/0x550 balance_pgdat+0x2c0/0x988 kswapd+0x11c/0x318 kthread+0x10c/0x128 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 other info that might help us debug this: Chain exists of: reservation_ww_class_acquire --> reservation_ww_class_mutex --> fs_reclaim Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(fs_reclaim); lock(reservation_ww_class_mutex); lock(fs_reclaim); lock(reservation_ww_class_acquire); *** DEADLOCK *** 1 lock held by kswapd0/82: #0: ffffc31709b263b8 (fs_reclaim){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: balance_pgdat+0x88/0x988 stack backtrace: CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kswapd0 Tainted: G W 7.0.0-debug+ #43 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: LENOVO 21BX0016US/21BX0016US, BIOS N3HET94W (1.66 ) 09/15/2025 Call trace: show_stack+0x20/0x40 (C) dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xd0 dump_stack+0x18/0x30 print_circular_bug+0x114/0x120 check_noncircular+0x178/0x198 check_prev_add+0x114/0x790 validate_chain+0x594/0x6f0 __lock_acquire+0x4d0/0xad0 lock_acquire.part.0+0xc4/0x248 lock_acquire+0x8c/0x248 drm_gem_lru_scan+0x1ac/0x440 msm_gem_shrinker_scan+0x17c/0x400 [msm] do_shrink_slab+0x150/0x4a0 shrink_slab+0x144/0x460 shrink_one+0x9c/0x1b0 shrink_many+0x27c/0x5c0 shrink_node+0x344/0x550 balance_pgdat+0x2c0/0x988 kswapd+0x11c/0x318 kthread+0x10c/0x128 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 kswapd0 holding fs_reclaim calls the MSM shrinker, which calls dma_resv_lock. This in turn acquires fs_reclaim. Fix this deadlock by using dma_resv_trylock() instead, dropping the subsequently unused passed wait-wound lock 'ticket'. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/723564/ [rob: fixup compile errors, replace lockdep splat with somethin ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fwctl: pds: Validate RPC input size before parsing The fwctl core allocates the device-specific RPC input buffer with fwctl_rpc.in_len and passes that buffer to the driver callback. pdsfc_fw_rpc() casts the buffer to struct fwctl_rpc_pds and then calls pdsfc_validate_rpc(), which reads fields from that structure before checking that the input buffer is large enough to contain it. A short in_len can make pds_fwctl read beyond the allocation. Reject pds RPC buffers that are smaller than struct fwctl_rpc_pds before parsing any pds-specific fields.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: isci: Fix use-after-free in device removal path The ISCI completion tasklet is initialized in isci_host_alloc() (drivers/scsi/isci/init.c:496) and scheduled from both MSI-X and legacy interrupt handlers (drivers/scsi/isci/host.c:223,613). isci_host_deinit() stops the controller and waits for stop completion, but it never kills completion_tasklet before teardown continues. A top-of-function tasklet_kill() is not sufficient here: interrupts are only disabled when isci_host_stop_complete() runs, so until wait_for_stop() returns the IRQ handlers can still requeue the tasklet. The tasklet callback also re-enables interrupts after draining completions, so killing the tasklet before the source is quiesced leaves the same race open. Once wait_for_stop() returns, no further IRQ-driven scheduling can occur. Kill completion_tasklet there so teardown cannot race a queued tasklet running on a dead ihost. On remove or unload, the stale callback can otherwise dereference ihost and touch ihost->smu_registers after the host lifetime ends. A UML + KASAN analogue reproduced the failure class both with no tasklet_kill() and with tasklet_kill() placed before source quiesce, and stayed clean once the kill happened after quiescing the scheduling source. This mirrors commit f6ab594672d4 ("scsi: aic94xx: fix use-after-free in device removal path"), but ISCI needs the kill after wait_for_stop().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: arm64: vgic: Free private_irqs when init fails after allocation Companion to commit 250f25367b58 ("KVM: arm64: Tear down vGIC on failed vCPU creation"), which added the missing kvm_vgic_vcpu_destroy() call to the kvm_share_hyp() failure path in kvm_arch_vcpu_create(). The kvm_vgic_vcpu_init() failure path immediately above it has the same shape and still needs the same cleanup. Call kvm_vgic_vcpu_destroy() when kvm_vgic_vcpu_init() fails so private IRQs allocated before a redistributor iodev registration failure are released before the failed vCPU is freed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/siw: Reject MPA FPDU length underflow before signed receive math A malicious connected siw peer can send an iWARP FPDU whose MPA length field (c_hdr->mpa_len, 16 bit big-endian, peer-controlled) is smaller than the fixed DDP/RDMAP header for the announced opcode. Soft-iWARP parses the full header in siw_get_hdr() based on iwarp_pktinfo[opcode] .hdr_len, but never compares mpa_len against that header length. siw_tcp_rx_data() then derives srx->fpdu_part_rem = be16_to_cpu(mpa_len) - fpdu_part_rcvd + MPA_HDR_SIZE; where fpdu_part_rcvd equals iwarp_pktinfo[opcode].hdr_len at this point. For a tagged WRITE (hdr_len 16, MPA_HDR_SIZE 2) the smallest on-wire mpa_len of 0 yields fpdu_part_rem = -14, and any mpa_len below hdr_len - MPA_HDR_SIZE underflows to a negative int. The signed value then flows into siw_proc_write()/siw_proc_rresp() as bytes = min(srx->fpdu_part_rem, srx->skb_new); is handed to siw_check_mem() as an int len (whose interval check addr + len > mem->va + mem->len is satisfied for a valid base when len is negative), and reaches siw_rx_data() -> siw_rx_kva() / siw_rx_umem() -> skb_copy_bits() as a signed copy length. The header copy branch in skb_copy_bits() promotes that to size_t, producing a multi-gigabyte read. KASAN under a KUnit harness that drives the real kernel TCP receive path -- a loopback AF_INET socketpair, the malformed FPDU written via kernel_sendmsg, sk_data_ready firing in softirq, tcp_read_sock dispatching to siw_tcp_rx_data -- reports: BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in skb_copy_bits+0x284/0x480 Read of size 4294967295 at addr ffff888... Call Trace: skb_copy_bits siw_rx_kva siw_rx_data siw_check_mem siw_proc_write siw_tcp_rx_data __tcp_read_sock siw_qp_llp_data_ready tcp_data_ready tcp_data_queue Add the missing invariant at the earliest point where the peer header is fully assembled. iwarp_pktinfo[*].hdr_len - MPA_HDR_SIZE is exactly the value the siw transmitter uses as the minimum mpa_len for each opcode (drivers/infiniband/sw/siw/siw_qp.c:33), so this matches the protocol contract. Out-of-range FPDUs terminate the connection with TERM_ERROR_LAYER_LLP / LLP_ETYPE_MPA / LLP_ECODE_FPDU_START -- which is RFC 5044 Section 8 error code 3 ("Marker and ULPDU Length fields do not agree on the start of an FPDU"), the correct framing-error class for this inconsistency.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: virt: sev-guest: Explicitly leak pages in unknown state When set_memory_{encrypted,decrypted}() fail, the user cannot know at which point the function failed, meaning that the pages are left in an unknown state from the point of view of the caller. Since the pages may be left in an unencrypted state, they are not suitable for general use, and cannot be returned safely to the buddy allocator. Avoid the issue by never freeing the pages, and then do the proper accounting by calling snp_leak_pages().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Reject restored DTE with out-of-range num_eventid_bits Userspace can restore an ITS Device Table Entry whose Size field encodes more EventID bits than the virtual ITS supports. The live MAPD path rejects that state, but vgic_its_restore_dte() accepts it and stores the out-of-range value in dev->num_eventid_bits. Reject restored DTEs with num_eventid_bits > VITS_TYPER_IDBITS before allocating the device. This mirrors the MAPD check and prevents the restored state from reaching vgic_its_restore_itt(), where the unchecked value can be converted into an oversized scan_its_table() range.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tp_meter: fix tp_vars reference leak in receiver shutdown The receiver shutdown timer handler, batadv_tp_receiver_shutdown(), is responsible for releasing the tp_vars reference it holds. However, the existing logic for coordinating this release with batadv_tp_stop_all() was flawed. timer_shutdown_sync() guarantees the timer will not fire again after it returns, but it returns non-zero only when the timer was pending at the time of the call. If the timer had already expired (and batadv_tp_stop_all() would unsucessfully try to rearm itself), batadv_tp_stop_all() skips its batadv_tp_vars_put(), and batadv_tp_receiver_shutdown() fails to put its own reference as well. Fix this by introducing a new atomic variable receiving that is set to 1 when the receiver is initialized and cleared atomically with atomic_xchg() by whichever side claims it first. Only the side that observes the transition from 1 to 0 is responsible for releasing the tp_vars timer reference, eliminating the uncertainty.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: bla: avoid NULL-ptr deref for claim via dropped interface Without rtnl_lock held, a hardif might be retrieved as primary interface of a meshif, but then (while operating on this interface) getting decoupled from the mesh interface. In this case, the meshif still exists but the pointer from the primary hardif to the meshif is set to NULL. The mesh_iface must be checked first to be non-NULL before continuing to send an ARP request using meshif.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tp_meter: directly shut down timer on cleanup batadv_tp_sender_cleanup() was calling timer_delete_sync() followed by timer_delete() to guard against the timer handler re-arming itself between the two calls. This double-deletion hack relied on the sending status being set to 0 to suppress re-arming. Replace both calls with a single timer_shutdown_sync(). This function both waits for any running timer callback to complete (like timer_delete_sync()) and permanently disarms the timer so it cannot be re-armed afterwards, making re-arming prevention unconditional and self-documenting. The re-arming property is also required because otherwise: 1. context 0 (batadv_tp_recv_ack()) checks in batadv_tp_reset_sender_timer() if sending is still 1 -> it is 2. context 1 changes in batadv_tp_sender_shutdown() sending to 0 and in this process forces the kthread to stop timer in batadv_tp_sender_cleanup() 3. context 0 continues in batadv_tp_reset_sender_timer() and rearms the timer -> but the reference for it is already gone

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: bla: avoid double decrement of bla.num_requests The bla.num_requests is increased when no request_sent was in progress. And it is decremented in various places (announcement was received, backbone is purged, periodic work). But the check if the request_sent is actually set to a specific state and the atomic_dec/_inc are not safe because they are not atomic (TOCTOU) and multiple such code portions can run concurrently. At the same time, it is necessary to modify request_sent (state) and bla.num_requests atomically. Otherwise batadv_bla_send_request() might set request_sent to 1 and is interrupted. batadv_handle_announce() can then set request_sent back to 0 and decrement num_requests before batadv_bla_send_request() incremented it. The two operations must therefore be locked. And since state (request_sent) and wait_periods are only accessed inside this lock, they can be converted to simpler datatypes. And to avoid that the bla.num_requests is touched by a parallel running context with a valid backbone_gw reference after batadv_bla_purge_backbone_gw() ran, a third state "stopped" is required to correctly signal that a backbone_gw is in the state of being cleaned up.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: mcast: fix use-after-free in orig_node RCU release batadv_mcast_purge_orig() removes entries from RCU-protected hlists but does not wait for an RCU grace period before returning. Concurrent RCU readers may still accesses references to those entries at the point of removal. RCU-protected readers trying to operate on entries like orig->mcast_want_all_ipv6_node will then access already freed memory. Fix this by moving batadv_mcast_purge_orig() to batadv_orig_node_release(), just before the call_rcu() invocation. This ensures RCU readers that were active at purge time have drained before the orig_node memory is reclaimed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Validate GPIO pin LUT table size before iterating [Why&How] The GPIO pin table parsers in get_gpio_i2c_info() and bios_parser_get_gpio_pin_info() derive an element count from the VBIOS table_header.structuresize field, then iterate over gpio_pin[] entries. However, GET_IMAGE() only validates that the table header itself fits within the BIOS image. If the VBIOS reports a structuresize larger than the actual mapped data, the loop reads past the end of the BIOS image, causing an out-of-bounds read. Fix this by calling bios_get_image() to validate that the full claimed structuresize is accessible within the BIOS image before entering the loop in both functions. (cherry picked from commit ba5e95b43b773ae1bf1f66ee6b31eb774e65afe3)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/virtio: use uninterruptible resv lock for plane updates virtio_gpu_cursor_plane_update() and virtio_gpu_resource_flush() lock the framebuffer BO's dma_resv via virtio_gpu_array_lock_resv() and ignore its return value. The function can fail with -EINTR from dma_resv_lock_interruptible() (signal during lock wait) or with -ENOMEM from dma_resv_reserve_fences() (fence slot allocation), leaving the resv lock not held. The queue path then walks the object array and calls dma_resv_add_fence(), which requires the lock held; with lockdep enabled this trips dma_resv_assert_held(): WARNING: drivers/dma-buf/dma-resv.c:296 at dma_resv_add_fence+0x71e/0x840 Call Trace: virtio_gpu_array_add_fence virtio_gpu_queue_ctrl_sgs virtio_gpu_queue_fenced_ctrl_buffer virtio_gpu_cursor_plane_update drm_atomic_helper_commit_planes drm_atomic_helper_commit_tail commit_tail drm_atomic_helper_commit drm_atomic_commit drm_atomic_helper_update_plane __setplane_atomic drm_mode_cursor_universal drm_mode_cursor_common drm_mode_cursor_ioctl drm_ioctl __x64_sys_ioctl Beyond the WARN, mutating the dma_resv fence list without the lock races with concurrent readers/writers and can corrupt the list. Both call sites run inside the .atomic_update plane callback, which DRM atomic helpers do not allow to fail (by the time it runs, the commit has been signed off to userspace and there is no clean rollback path). Moving the lock acquisition to .prepare_fb was rejected because the broader lock scope deadlocks against other BO locking paths in the same atomic commit. Introduce virtio_gpu_lock_one_resv_uninterruptible() that uses dma_resv_lock() instead of dma_resv_lock_interruptible(). This eliminates the -EINTR failure mode -- the realistic syzbot trigger -- without extending the lock hold across the commit. The helper locks a single BO and rejects nents > 1 with -EINVAL; both fix sites lock exactly one BO. Use it from virtio_gpu_cursor_plane_update() and virtio_gpu_resource_flush(); check the return value to handle the remaining -ENOMEM case from dma_resv_reserve_fences() by freeing the objs and skipping the plane update for that frame. The framebuffer BOs touched here are not shared with other contexts and lock contention is expected to be brief, so the loss of signal-interruptibility is acceptable. Other callers of virtio_gpu_array_lock_resv() (the ioctl paths) continue to use the interruptible variant. The bug was reported by syzbot, triggered via fault injection (fail_nth) on the DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CURSOR path, which forces the -ENOMEM branch in dma_resv_reserve_fences().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/v3d: Fix use-after-free of CPU job query arrays on error path The CPU job ioctl's fail label calls kvfree() on cpu_job's timestamp and performance query arrays after v3d_job_cleanup(), which drops the job's last reference and frees cpu_job. Reading cpu_job at that point is a use-after-free. Also, on the early v3d_job_init() failure path, it is a NULL dereference, since v3d_job_deallocate() zeroes the local pointer. In the success path, the arrays are released from the scheduler's .free_job callback, but on the error path, they are freed manually, as the job was never pushed to the scheduler. While the success path deals with this correctly, the fail path doesn't. On top of that, the manual kvfree() calls only free the array storage; they don't drm_syncobj_put() the per-query syncobjs that v3d_timestamp_query_info_free() and v3d_performance_query_info_free() release on the success path. So the same fail path that triggers the use-after-free also leaks one syncobj reference per query. Unify the CPU job teardown into the CPU job's kref destructor, mirroring v3d_render_job_free(). The scheduler's .free_job slot reverts to the generic v3d_sched_job_free() and the fail label drops the manual kvfree() calls, leaving a single teardown path that is reached from both the scheduler and the ioctl error path. That removes the use-after-free, the NULL dereference, and the syncobj leak by construction.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) bounce blackbox records through a protocol-sized buffer adm1266_pmbus_block_xfer() copies the device-supplied block payload into the caller-provided buffer using the device-supplied length: memcpy(data_r, &msgs[1].buf[1], msgs[1].buf[0]); The helper does not know how large data_r is and trusts the device to return at most one record's worth of bytes. adm1266_nvmem_read_blackbox() violates that contract: it advances read_buff inside data->dev_mem in ADM1266_BLACKBOX_SIZE (64-byte) strides while the helper is willing to write up to ADM1266_PMBUS_BLOCK_MAX (255) bytes. A device that returns more than 64 bytes on the trailing record (read_buff offset 1984 in the 2048-byte dev_mem allocation) overflows dev_mem by up to 191 bytes before the post-call if (ret != ADM1266_BLACKBOX_SIZE) return -EIO; can reject the response. Contain the fix in the caller without changing the helper signature: read each record into a 255-byte local bounce buffer that matches the helper's maximum output, validate the returned length, and only then copy exactly ADM1266_BLACKBOX_SIZE bytes into the dev_mem slot.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) reject implausible blackbox record_count adm1266_nvmem_read_blackbox() loops over a record_count that comes straight from byte 3 of the BLACKBOX_INFO response. The destination buffer is data->dev_mem, sized for the nvmem cell's declared 2048 bytes (ADM1266_BLACKBOX_MAX_RECORDS * ADM1266_BLACKBOX_SIZE = 32 * 64). A device that reports a record_count greater than 32 -- whether due to firmware bugs, bus corruption, or a non-responsive slave returning 0xff -- would walk read_buff past the end of the dev_mem allocation on the trailing iterations. Cap record_count at ADM1266_BLACKBOX_MAX_RECORDS (introduced here) before entering the loop and return -EIO on any larger value, so a malformed BLACKBOX_INFO response cannot drive the loop out of bounds.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tt: avoid empty VLAN responses The commit 16116dac2339 ("batman-adv: prevent TT request storms by not sending inconsistent TT TLVLs") added checks to the local (direct) TT response code. But the response can also be done indirectly by another node using the global TT state. To avoid such inconsistency states reported in the original fix, also avoid sending empty VLANs for replies from the global TT state.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) cap PDIO scan in get_multiple at ADM1266_PDIO_NR adm1266_gpio_get_multiple() iterates the PDIO portion of the caller-supplied mask using for_each_set_bit_from(gpio_nr, mask, ADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS) { ... } where ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS is the PMBus command code (0xE9, i.e. 233), not the number of PDIO pins. The intended upper bound is ADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_NR = 25. gpiolib hands in a mask sized for gc.ngpio (= 25 bits on this chip), so the iteration walks find_next_bit() up to 242, reading up to 217 extra bits (a handful of unsigned-long words: four on 64-bit, seven on 32-bit) of whatever lives past the end of the mask in the caller's stack. Any incidental set bit in that range then drives a set_bit(gpio_nr, bits) call that writes past the end of the caller-supplied bits array too -- both out-of-bounds. Substitute ADM1266_PDIO_NR for the constant so the scan stops at the last real PDIO bit.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) include PEC byte in pmbus_block_xfer read buffer adm1266_pmbus_block_xfer() sets up the read transaction with .buf = data->read_buf, .len = ADM1266_PMBUS_BLOCK_MAX + 2, but read_buf in struct adm1266_data is declared as u8 read_buf[ADM1266_PMBUS_BLOCK_MAX + 1]; For a max-length block response (length byte = 255 + up to 1 PEC byte), the i2c controller is told to write 257 bytes into a 256-byte buffer, putting one byte past the end of read_buf. The same response also makes the subsequent PEC compare if (crc != msgs[1].buf[msgs[1].buf[0] + 1]) read a byte beyond the array. Bump the read_buf declaration to ADM1266_PMBUS_BLOCK_MAX + 2 so the buffer can hold the length byte, up to 255 payload bytes, and the PEC byte the i2c_msg length already accounts for.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tt: fix negative tt_buff_len batadv_orig_node::tt_buff_len was declared as s16, but the field is never intended to hold a negative value. When a value greater than 32767 is assigned, it wraps to a negative signed integer. In batadv_send_other_tt_response(), tt_buff_len is temporarily widened to s32. The incorrectly negative s16 value propagates into the s32, causing batadv_tt_prepare_tvlv_global_data() to allocate a full sized buffer but populates only a small portion of it with the collected changeset. All remaining bits are kept uninitialized. Using an u16 avoids this type confusion and ensures that no (negative) sign extension is performed in batadv_send_other_tt_response().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tt: fix negative last_changeset_len batadv_piv_tt::last_changeset_len len was declared as s16, but the field is never intended to hold a negative value. When a value greater than 32767 is assigned, it wraps to a negative signed integer. In batadv_send_my_tt_response(), last_changeset_len is temporarily widened to s32. The incorrectly negative s16 value propagates into the s32, causing batadv_tt_prepare_tvlv_local_data() to allocate a full sized buffer but populates only a small portion of it with the collected changeset. All remaining bits are kept uninitialized. Using an u16 avoids this type confusion and ensures that no (negative) sign extension is performed in batadv_send_my_tt_response().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: tt: fix TOCTOU race for reported vlans The local TT based TVLV is generated by first checking the number of VLANs which have at least one TT entry. A new buffer with the correct size for the VLANs is then allocated. Only then, the list of VLANs s used to fill the VLAN entries in the buffer. During this time, the meshif_vlan_list_lock is held. But the actual number of TT entries of each VLAN can still increase during this time - just not the number of VLANs in the list. But the prefilter used in the buffer size calculation might still cause an increase of the number of VLANs which need to be stored. Simply because a VLAN might now suddenly have at least one entry when it had none in the pre-alloc check - and then needs to occupy space which was not allocated. It is better to overestimate the buffer size at the beginning and then fill the buffer only with the VLANs which are not empty.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fprobe: Fix unregister_fprobe() to wait for RCU grace period Commit 4346ba1604093 ("fprobe: Rewrite fprobe on function-graph tracer") changed fprobe to register struct fprobe to an rcu-hlist, but it forgot to wait for RCU GP. Thus there can be use-after-free if the fprobe is released right after unregistering. This can be happened on fprobe event and sample module code. To fix this issue, add synchronize_rcu() in unregister_fprobe(). Note that BPF is OK because fprobe is used as a part of bpf_kprobe_multi_link. This unregisters its fprobe in bpf_kprobe_multi_link_release() and it is deallocated via bpf_kprobe_multi_link_dealloc(), which is invoked from bpf_link_defer_dealloc_rcu_gp() RCU callback. For BPF, this also introduced unregister_fprobe_async() which does NOT wait for RCU grace priod.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: x_tables: allocate hook ops while under mutex arp/ip(6)t_register_table() add the table to the per-netns list via xt_register_table() before allocating the per-netns hook ops copy via kmemdup_array(). This leaves a window where the table is visible in the list with ops=NULL. If the pernet exit happens runs concurrently the pre_exit callback finds the table via xt_find_table() and passes the NULL ops pointer to nf_unregister_net_hooks(), causing a NULL dereference: general protection fault in nf_unregister_net_hooks+0xbc/0x150 RIP: nf_unregister_net_hooks (net/netfilter/core.c:613) Call Trace: ipt_unregister_table_pre_exit iptable_mangle_net_pre_exit ops_pre_exit_list cleanup_net Fix by moving the ops allocation into the xtables core so the table is never in the list without valid ops. Also ensure the table is no longer processing packets before its torn down on error unwind. nf_register_net_hooks might have published at least one hook; call synchronize_rcu() if there was an error. audit log register message gets deferred until all operations have passed, this avoids need to emit another ureg message in case of error unwinding. Based on earlier patch by Tristan Madani.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) reject short block-read responses in the GPIO accessors adm1266_gpio_get() and adm1266_gpio_get_multiple() both compose the pin-status word as pins_status = read_buf[0] + (read_buf[1] << 8); right after i2c_smbus_read_block_data(), guarding only against an error return. A well-behaved device returns 2 bytes for GPIO_STATUS/PDIO_STATUS, but the helper happily reports a 0- or 1-byte response too. If the device returns 0 bytes, both read_buf slots are uninitialized stack memory; if it returns 1 byte, read_buf[1] is. The composed value then flows through set_bit() into the caller's *bits in adm1266_gpio_get_multiple(), or into the return value of adm1266_gpio_get(), and ends up in userspace via gpiolib (sysfs and the char-dev ioctls). That leaks a few bits of kernel stack per request on any device whose firmware glitch, bus error, or hostile slave produces a short block-read response. Add the missing length check to both call sites and surface a short response as -EIO.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/statmount: fix slab out-of-bounds write in statmount_mnt_idmap statmount_mnt_idmap() writes one mapping with seq_printf() and then manually advances seq->count to include the NUL separator. If seq_printf() overflows, seq_set_overflow() sets seq->count to seq->size. The manual seq->count++ changes this to seq->size + 1. seq_has_overflowed() then no longer detects the overflow. The corrupted count returns to statmount_string(), which later executes: seq->buf[seq->count++] = '\0'; This causes a 1-byte NULL out-of-bounds write on the dynamically allocated seq buffer. Fix this by checking for overflow immediately after seq_printf().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: bridge: eb_tables: close module init race sashiko reports for unrelated patch: Does the core ebtables initialization in ebtables.c suffer from a similar race? Once nf_register_sockopt() completes, the sockopts are exposed globally. sockopt has to be registered last, just like in ip/ip6/arptables.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ebtables: move to two-stage removal scheme Like previous patches for x_tables, follow same pattern in ebtables. We can't reuse xt helpers: ebt_table struct layout is incompatible. table->ops assignment is now done while still holding the ebt mutex to make sure we never expose partially-filled table struct.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: x_tables: add and use xtables_unregister_table_exit Previous change added xtables_unregister_table_pre_exit to detach the table from the packetpath and to unlink it from the active table list. In case of rmmod, userspace that is doing set/getsockopt for this table will not be able to re-instantiate the table: 1. The larval table has been removed already 2. existing instantiated table is no longer on the xt pernet table list. This adds the second stage helper: unlink the table from the dying list, free the hook ops (if any) and do the audit notification. It replaces xt_unregister_table().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_ffa: Snapshot notifier callbacks under lock Both notification handlers currently look up a notifier callback under notify_lock, drop the lock, and then dereference the returned notifier entry. A concurrent unregister can delete and free that entry in the gap, leaving the handler to dereference stale memory. Copy the callback pointer and callback data while notify_lock is still held and invoke the callback only after the lock is dropped. This keeps the existing callback execution model while removing the use-after-free window in both the framework and non-framework notification paths.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_ffa: Validate framework notification message layout Framework notifications carry an indirect message in the shared RX buffer. Validate the reported offset and size before using them, reject zero-length payloads, and ensure that any non-header payload starts at the UUID field rather than in the middle of the message header. Use the validated offset and size values for both kmemdup() and the UUID parsing path so malformed firmware data cannot drive an out-of-bounds read or an oversized allocation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: Fix register corruption from uninitialized cregs on error compat_riscv_gpr_set() calls cregs_to_regs() unconditionally, even when user_regset_copyin() fails. Since cregs is an uninitialized stack variable, a copyin failure causes uninitialized stack data to be written into the target task's pt_regs, corrupting its register state and potentially leaking kernel stack contents. compat_restore_sigcontext() has the same issue: it calls cregs_to_regs() even when __copy_from_user() fails, leading to the same corruption of the signal-returning task's register state on error. Only call cregs_to_regs() when the user copy succeeds.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: fix VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO() issue in netfs_write_begin() call The multiple runs of generic/013 test-case is capable to reproduce a kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1504 with probability of 30%. while true; do sudo ./check generic/013 done [ 9849.452376] page: refcount:3 mapcount:0 mapping:00000000e58ff252 index:0x10781 pfn:0x1c322 [ 9849.452412] memcg:ffff8881a1915800 [ 9849.452417] aops:ceph_aops ino:1000058db9e dentry name(?):"f9XXXXXX" [ 9849.452432] flags: 0x17ffffc0000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) [ 9849.452441] raw: 0017ffffc0000000 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 ffff88816110d248 [ 9849.452445] raw: 0000000000010781 0000000000000000 00000003ffffffff ffff8881a1915800 [ 9849.452447] page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio)) [ 9849.452474] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 9849.452476] kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1504! [ 9849.478635] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI [ 9849.481772] CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 84223 Comm: fsstress Not tainted 7.0.0-rc1+ #18 PREEMPT(full) [ 9849.482881] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-9.fc43 06/1 0/2025 [ 9849.484539] RIP: 0010:folio_unlock+0x85/0xa0 [ 9849.485076] Code: 89 df 31 f6 e8 1c f3 ff ff 48 8b 5d f8 c9 31 c0 31 d2 31 f6 31 ff c3 cc cc cc cc 48 c7 c6 80 6c d9 a7 48 89 df e8 4b b3 10 00 <0f> 0b 48 89 df e8 21 e6 2c 00 eb 9d 0f 1f 40 00 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 [ 9849.493818] RSP: 0018:ffff8881bb8076b0 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 9849.495740] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffea00070c8980 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 9849.498678] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 [ 9849.500559] RBP: ffff8881bb8076b8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 9849.501097] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000010782000 [ 9849.502108] R13: ffff8881935de738 R14: ffff88816110d010 R15: 0000000000001000 [ 9849.502516] FS: 00007e36cbe94740(0000) GS:ffff88824a899000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 9849.502996] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 9849.503810] CR2: 000000c0002b0000 CR3: 000000011bbf6004 CR4: 0000000000772ef0 [ 9849.504459] PKRU: 55555554 [ 9849.504626] Call Trace: [ 9849.505242] <TASK> [ 9849.505379] netfs_write_begin+0x7c8/0x10a0 [ 9849.505877] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x20 [ 9849.506384] ? __pfx_netfs_write_begin+0x10/0x10 [ 9849.507178] ceph_write_begin+0x8c/0x1c0 [ 9849.507934] generic_perform_write+0x391/0x8f0 [ 9849.508503] ? __pfx_generic_perform_write+0x10/0x10 [ 9849.509062] ? file_update_time_flags+0x19a/0x4b0 [ 9849.509581] ? ceph_get_caps+0x63/0xf0 [ 9849.510259] ? ceph_get_caps+0x63/0xf0 [ 9849.510530] ceph_write_iter+0xe79/0x1ae0 [ 9849.511282] ? __pfx_ceph_write_iter+0x10/0x10 [ 9849.511839] ? lock_acquire+0x1ad/0x310 [ 9849.512334] ? ksys_write+0xf9/0x230 [ 9849.512582] ? lock_is_held_type+0xaa/0x140 [ 9849.513128] vfs_write+0x512/0x1110 [ 9849.513634] ? __fget_files+0x33/0x350 [ 9849.513893] ? __pfx_vfs_write+0x10/0x10 [ 9849.514143] ? mutex_lock_nested+0x1b/0x30 [ 9849.514394] ksys_write+0xf9/0x230 [ 9849.514621] ? __pfx_ksys_write+0x10/0x10 [ 9849.514887] ? do_syscall_64+0x25e/0x1520 [ 9849.515122] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x20 [ 9849.515366] ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0x178/0x1c0 [ 9849.515655] __x64_sys_write+0x72/0xd0 [ 9849.515885] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x24/0x1c0 [ 9849.516130] x64_sys_call+0x22f/0x2390 [ 9849.516341] do_syscall_64+0x12b/0x1520 [ 9849.516545] ? do_syscall_64+0x27c/0x1520 [ 9849.516783] ? do_syscall_64+0x27c/0x1520 [ 9849.517003] ? lock_release+0x318/0x480 [ 9849.517220] ? __x64_sys_io_getevents+0x143/0x2d0 [ 9849.517479] ? percpu_ref_put_many.constprop.0+0x8f/0x210 [ 9849.517779] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 9849.518073] ? do_syscall_64+0x25e/0x1520 [ 9849.518291] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x20 [ 9849.518519] ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0x178/0x1c0 [ 9849.518799] ? do_syscall_64+0x27c/0x1520 [ 9 ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/hv-gpci: fix preempt count leak in sysfs show paths Four sysfs show() callbacks in hv-gpci take get_cpu_var(hv_gpci_reqb) (which calls preempt_disable()) but only call the matching put_cpu_var() on the error path under the 'out:' label. Every successful read leaks one preempt_disable(): processor_bus_topology_show() processor_config_show() affinity_domain_via_virtual_processor_show() affinity_domain_via_domain_show() (affinity_domain_via_partition_show() was already correct.) On a CONFIG_PREEMPT=y kernel, repeated reads raise preempt_count and eventually return to userspace with preemption still disabled. The next user-mode page fault then hits faulthandler_disabled() == 1, gets forced to SIGSEGV, and the resulting coredump trips 'BUG: scheduling while atomic' in call_usermodehelper_exec -> wait_for_completion_state -> schedule: BUG: scheduling while atomic: <task>/<pid>/0x00000004 ... __schedule_bug+0x6c/0x90 __schedule+0x58c/0x13a0 schedule+0x48/0x1a0 schedule_timeout+0x104/0x170 wait_for_completion_state+0x16c/0x330 call_usermodehelper_exec+0x254/0x2d0 vfs_coredump+0x1050/0x2590 get_signal+0xb9c/0xc80 do_notify_resume+0xf8/0x470 Add an out_success label that calls put_cpu_var() before returning the byte count, mirroring affinity_domain_via_partition_show().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-pci: fix use-after-free in nvme_free_host_mem() nvme_free_host_mem() frees dev->hmb_sgt via dma_free_noncontiguous() but never clears the pointer afterward. This leads to a use-after-free if nvme_free_host_mem() is called twice in the same error path. This can happen during nvme_probe() when nvme_setup_host_mem() succeeds in allocating the HMB (setting dev->hmb_sgt) but nvme_set_host_mem() fails with an I/O error: nvme_setup_host_mem() nvme_alloc_host_mem_single() -> sets dev->hmb_sgt nvme_set_host_mem() -> fails with -EIO nvme_free_host_mem() -> frees hmb_sgt, but does NOT NULL it return error nvme_probe() error path: nvme_free_host_mem() -> dev->hmb_sgt is stale, use-after-free The second call dereferences the freed sgt, causing a NULL pointer dereference in iommu_dma_free_noncontiguous() when it accesses sgt->sgl->dma_address (the backing memory has been freed and zeroed). This is reproducible on Thunderbolt-attached NVMe devices (e.g., OWC Envoy Express behind a Dell WD22TB4 dock) where the device intermittently returns I/O errors during HMB setup due to PCIe link instability. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000010 RIP: 0010:iommu_dma_free_noncontiguous+0x22/0x80 Call Trace: <TASK> dma_free_noncontiguous+0x3b/0x130 nvme_free_host_mem+0x30/0xf0 [nvme] nvme_probe.cold+0xcc/0x275 [nvme] local_pci_probe+0x43/0xa0 pci_device_probe+0xeea/0x290 really_probe+0xf9/0x3b0 __driver_probe_device+0x8b/0x170 driver_probe_device+0x24/0xd0 __driver_attach_async_helper+0x6b/0x110 async_run_entry_fn+0x37/0x170 process_one_work+0x1ac/0x3d0 worker_thread+0x1b8/0x360 kthread+0xf7/0x130 ret_from_fork+0x2d8/0x3a0 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> Fix this by setting dev->hmb_sgt to NULL after freeing it, so the second call takes the multi-descriptor path which safely handles the already-cleaned-up state.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme: fix bio leak on mapping failure The local bio is always NULL, so we'd leak the bio if the integrity mapping failed. Just get it directly from the request.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix netfs_read_to_pagecache() to pause on subreq failure Fix netfs_read_to_pagecache() so that it pauses the generation of new subrequests if an already-issued subrequest fails.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix missing barriers when accessing stream->subrequests locklessly The list of subrequests attached to stream->subrequests is accessed without locks by netfs_collect_read_results() and netfs_collect_write_results(), and then they access subreq->flags without taking a barrier after getting the subreq pointer from the list. Relatedly, the functions that build the list don't use any sort of write barrier when constructing the list to make sure that the NETFS_SREQ_IN_PROGRESS flag is perceived to be set first if no lock is taken. Fix this by: (1) Add a new list_add_tail_release() function that uses a release barrier to set the pointer to the new member of the list. (2) Add a new list_first_entry_or_null_acquire() function that uses an acquire barrier to read the pointer to the first member in a list (or return NULL). (3) Use list_add_tail_release() when adding a subreq to ->subrequests. (4) Use list_first_entry_or_null_acquire() when initially accessing the front of the list (when an item is removed, the pointer to the new front iterm is obtained under the same lock).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix missing locking around retry adding new subreqs Fix netfs_retry_read_subrequests() and netfs_retry_write_stream() to take the appropriate lock when adding extra subrequests into stream->subrequests.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix cancellation of a DIO and single read subrequests When the preparation of a new subrequest for a read fails, if the subrequest has already been added to the stream->subrequests list, it can't simply be put and abandoned as the collector may see it. Also, if it hasn't been queued yet, it has two outstanding refs that both need to be put. Both DIO read and single-read dispatch fail at this; further, both differ in the order they do things to the way buffered read works. Fix cancellation of both DIO-read and single-read subrequests that failed preparation by the following steps: (1) Harmonise all three reads (buffered, dio, single) to queue the subreq before prepping it. (2) Make all three call netfs_queue_read() to do the queuing. (3) Set NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED independently of the queuing as we don't know the length of the subreq at this point. (4) In all cases, set the error and NETFS_SREQ_FAILED flag on the subreq and then call netfs_read_subreq_terminated() to deal with it. This will pass responsibility off to the collector for dealing with it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: irq_work: Fix use-after-free in irq_work_single() on PREEMPT_RT On PREEMPT_RT, non-HARD irq_work runs in per-CPU kthreads via run_irq_workd(), so irq_work_sync() uses rcuwait() to wait for BUSY==0. After irq_work_single() clears BUSY via atomic_cmpxchg(), it still dereferences @work for irq_work_is_hard() and rcuwait_wake_up(). An irq_work_sync() caller on another CPU that enters after BUSY is cleared can observe BUSY==0 immediately, return, and free the work before those accesses complete — causing a use-after-free. Fix this by wrapping run_irq_workd() in guard(rcu)() so that the entire irq_work_single() execution is within an RCU read-side critical section. Then add synchronize_rcu() in irq_work_sync() after rcuwait_wait_event() to ensure the caller waits for the RCU grace period before returning, preventing premature frees.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix folio->private handling in netfs_perform_write() Under some circumstances, netfs_perform_write() doesn't correctly manipulate folio->private between NULL, NETFS_FOLIO_COPY_TO_CACHE, pointing to a group and pointing to a netfs_folio struct, leading to potential multiple attachments of private data with associated folio ref leaks and also leaks of netfs_folio structs or netfs_group refs. Fix this by consolidating the place at which a folio is marked uptodate in one place and having that look at what's attached to folio->private and decide how to clean it up and then set the new group. Also, the content shouldn't be flushed if group is NULL, even if a group is specified in the netfs_group parameter, as that would be the case for a new folio. A filesystem should always specify netfs_group or never specify netfs_group. The Sashiko auto-review tool noted that it was theoretically possible that the fpos >= ctx->zero_point section might leak if it modified a streaming write folio. This is unlikely, but with a network filesystem, third party changes can happen. It also pointed out that __netfs_set_group() would leak if called multiple times on the same folio from the "whole folio modify section".

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix leak of request in netfs_write_begin() error handling Fix netfs_write_begin() to not leak our ref on the request in the event that we get an error from netfs_wait_for_read().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix potential deadlock in write-through mode Fix netfs_advance_writethrough() to always unlock the supplied folio and to mark it dirty if it isn't yet written to the end. Unfortunately, it can't be marked for writeback until the folio is done with as that may cause a deadlock against mmapped reads and writes. Even though it has been marked dirty, premature writeback can't occur as the caller is holding both inode->i_rwsem (which will prevent concurrent truncation, fallocation, DIO and other writes) and ictx->wb_lock (which will cause flushing to wait and writeback to skip or wait). Note that this may be easier to deal with once the queuing of folios is split from the generation of subrequests.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix streaming write being overwritten In order to avoid reading whilst writing, netfslib will allow "streaming writes" in which dirty data is stored directly into folios without reading them first. Such folios are marked dirty but may not be marked uptodate. If a folio is entirely written by a streaming write, uptodate will be set, otherwise it will have a netfs_folio struct attached to ->private recording the dirty region. In the event that a partially written streaming write page is to be overwritten entirely by a single write(), netfs_perform_write() will try to copy over it, but doesn't discard the netfs_folio if it succeeds; further, it doesn't correctly handle a partial copy that overwrites some of the dirty data. Fix this by the following: (1) If the folio is successfully overwritten, free the netfs_folio struct before marking the page uptodate. (2) If the copy to the folio partially fails, but short of the dirty data, just ignore the copy. (3) If the copy partially fails and overwrites some of the dirty data, accept the copy, update the netfs_folio struct to record the new data. If the folio is now filled, free the netfs_folio and set uptodate, otherwise return a partial write. Found with: fsx -q -N 1000000 -p 10000 -o 128000 -l 600000 \ /xfstest.test/junk --replay-ops=junk.fsxops using the following as junk.fsxops: truncate 0x0 0 0x927c0 write 0x63fb8 0x53c8 0 copy_range 0xb704 0x19b9 0x24429 0x79380 write 0x2402b 0x144a2 0x90660 * write 0x204d5 0x140a0 0x927c0 * copy_range 0x1f72c 0x137d0 0x7a906 0x927c0 * read 0x00000 0x20000 0x9157c read 0x20000 0x20000 0x9157c read 0x40000 0x20000 0x9157c read 0x60000 0x20000 0x9157c read 0x7e1a0 0xcfb9 0x9157c on cifs with the default cache option. It shows folio 0x24 misbehaving if the FMODE_READ check is commented out in netfs_perform_write(): if (//(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) || netfs_is_cache_enabled(ctx)) { and no fscache. This was initially found with the generic/522 xfstest.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix netfs_invalidate_folio() to clear dirty bit if all changes gone If a streaming write is made, this will leave the relevant modified folio in a not-uptodate, but dirty state with a netfs_folio struct hung off of folio->private indicating the dirty range. Subsequently truncating the file such that the dirty data in the folio is removed, but the first part of the folio theoretically remains will cause the netfs_folio struct to be discarded... but will leave the dirty flag set. If the folio is then read via mmap(), netfs_read_folio() will see that the page is dirty and jump to netfs_read_gaps() to fill in the missing bits. netfs_read_gaps(), however, expects there to be a netfs_folio struct present and can oops because truncate removed it. Fix this by calling folio_cancel_dirty() in netfs_invalidate_folio() in the event that all the dirty data in the folio is erased (as nfs does). Also add some tracepoints to log modifications to a dirty page. This can be reproduced with something like: dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfstest.test/foo bs=1M count=1 umount /xfstest.test mount /xfstest.test xfs_io -c "w 0xbbbf 0xf96c" \ -c "truncate 0xbbbf" \ -c "mmap -r 0xb000 0x11000" \ -c "mr 0xb000 0x11000" \ /xfstest.test/foo with fscaching disabled (otherwise streaming writes are suppressed) and a change to netfs_perform_write() to disallow streaming writes if the fd is open O_RDWR: if (//(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) || <--- comment this out netfs_is_cache_enabled(ctx)) { It should be reproducible even without this change, but if prevents the above trivial xfs_io command from reproducing it. Note that the initial dd is important: the file must start out sufficiently large that the zero-point logic doesn't just clear the gaps because it knows there's nothing in the file to read yet. Unmounting and mounting is needed to clear the pagecache (there are other ways to do that that may also work). This was initially reproduced with the generic/522 xfstest on some patches that remove the FMODE_READ restriction.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: cortina: Make RX SKB per-port The SKB used to assemble packets from fragments in gmac_rx() is static local, but the Gemini has two ethernet ports, meaning there can be races between the ports on a bad day if a device is using both. Make the RX SKB a per-port variable and carry it over between invocations in the port struct instead. Zero the pointer once we call napi_gro_frags(), on error (after calling napi_free_frags()) or if the port is stopped. Zero it in some place where not strictly necessary just to emphasize what is going on. This was found by Sashiko during normal patch review.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: afs: Fix the locking used by afs_get_link() The afs filesystem in the kernel doesn't do locking correctly for symbolic links. There are a number of problems: (1) It doesn't do any locking around afs_read_single() to prevent races between multiple ->get_link() calls, thereby allowing the possibility of leaks. (2) It doesn't use RCU barriering when accessing the buffer pointers during RCU pathwalk. (3) It can race with another thread updating the contents of the symlink if a third party updated it on the server. Fix this by the following means: (0) Move symlink handling into its own file as this makes it more complicated. (1) Take the validate_lock around afs_read_single() to prevent races between multiple ->get_link() calls. (2) Keep a separate copy of the symlink contents with an rcu_head. This is always going to be a lot smaller than a page, so it can be kmalloc'd and save quite a bit of memory. It also needs a refcount for non-RCU pathwalk. (3) Split the symlink read and write-to-cache routines in afs from those for directories. (4) Discard the I/O buffer as soon as the write-to-cache completes as this is a full page (plus a folio_queue). (5) If there's no cache, discard the I/O buffer immediately after reading and copying if there is no cache.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix netfs_read_folio() to wait on writeback Fix netfs_read_folio() to wait for an ongoing writeback to complete so that it can trust the dirty flag and whatever is attached to folio->private (folio->private may get cleaned up by the collector before it clears the writeback flag).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix early put of sink folio in netfs_read_gaps() Fix netfs_read_gaps() to release the sink page it uses after waiting for the request to complete. The way the sink page is used is that an ITER_BVEC-class iterator is created that has the gaps from the target folio at either end, but has the sink page tiled over the middle so that a single read op can fill in both gaps. The bug was found by KASAN detecting a UAF on the generic/075 xfstest in the cifsd kernel thread that handles reception of data from the TCP socket: BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in _copy_to_iter+0x48a/0xa20 Write of size 885 at addr ffff888107f92000 by task cifsd/1285 CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 1285 Comm: cifsd Not tainted 7.0.0 #6 PREEMPT(lazy) Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 print_report+0x17f/0x4f1 kasan_report+0x100/0x1e0 kasan_check_range+0x10f/0x1e0 __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 _copy_to_iter+0x48a/0xa20 __skb_datagram_iter+0x2c9/0x430 skb_copy_datagram_iter+0x6e/0x160 tcp_recvmsg_locked+0xce0/0x1130 tcp_recvmsg+0xeb/0x300 inet_recvmsg+0xcf/0x3a0 sock_recvmsg+0xea/0x100 cifs_readv_from_socket+0x3a6/0x4d0 [cifs] cifs_read_iter_from_socket+0xdd/0x130 [cifs] cifs_readv_receive+0xaad/0xb10 [cifs] cifs_demultiplex_thread+0x1148/0x1740 [cifs] kthread+0x1cf/0x210

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/adreno: fix userspace-triggered crash on a2xx-a4xx Before a5xx Adreno driver will not try fetching UBWC params (because those generations didn't support UBWC anyway), however it's still possible to query UBWC-related params from the userspace, triggering possible NULL pointer dereference. Check for UBWC config in adreno_get_param() and return sane defaults if there is none. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/717778/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: block: bio-integrity: Fix null-ptr-deref in bio_integrity_map_user() pin_user_pages_fast() can partially succeed and return the number of pages that were actually pinned. However, the bio_integrity_map_user() does not handle this partial pinning. This leads to a general protection fault since bvec_from_pages() dereferences an unpinned page address, which is 0. To fix this, add a check to verify that all requested memory is pinned. If partial pinning occurs, unpin the memory and return -EFAULT. Kernel Oops: Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000001: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000008-0x000000000000000f] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1061 Comm: nvme-passthroug Not tainted 7.0.0-11783-g90957f9314e8-dirty #16 PREEMPT(lazy) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.17.0-0-gb52ca86e094d-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:bio_integrity_map_user.cold+0x1b0/0x9d6

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: shaper: reject duplicate leaves in GROUP request net_shaper_nl_group_doit() does not deduplicate NET_SHAPER_A_LEAVES entries. When userspace supplies the same leaf handle twice, the same old-parent pointer lands twice in old_nodes[]. The cleanup loop double frees the parent. Of course the same parent may still be in old_nodes[] twice if we are moving multiple of its leaves. Note that this patch also implicitly fixes the fact that the i >= leaves_count path forgets to set ret.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: tls: fix off-by-one in sg_chain entry count for wrapped sk_msg ring When an sk_msg scatterlist ring wraps (sg.end < sg.start), tls_push_record() chains the tail portion of the ring to the head using sg_chain(). An extra entry in the sg array is reserved for this: struct sk_msg_sg { [...] /* The extra two elements: * 1) used for chaining the front and sections when the list becomes * partitioned (e.g. end < start). The crypto APIs require the * chaining; * 2) to chain tailer SG entries after the message. */ struct scatterlist data[MAX_MSG_FRAGS + 2]; The current code uses MAX_SKB_FRAGS + 1 as the ring size: sg_chain(&msg_pl->sg.data[msg_pl->sg.start], MAX_SKB_FRAGS - msg_pl->sg.start + 1, msg_pl->sg.data); This places the chain pointer at sg_chain(data[start], (MAX_SKB_FRAGS - msg_start + 1) .. = &data[start] + (MAX_SKB_FRAGS - msg_start + 1) - 1 = data[start + (MAX_SKB_FRAGS - start + 1) - 1] = data[MAX_SKB_FRAGS] instead of the true last entry. This is likely due to a "race" of the commit under Fixes landing close to commit 031097d9e079 ("bpf: sk_msg, zap ingress queue on psock down") Convert to ARRAY_SIZE and drop the data[start] / - start (as suggested by Sabrina).

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/smc: reject CHID-0 ACCEPT that matches an empty ism_dev slot On the SMC-D client, slot 0 of ini->ism_dev[]/ini->ism_chid[] is reserved for an SMC-Dv1 device. smc_find_ism_v2_device_clnt() populates V2 entries starting at index 1, so when no V1 device is selected slot 0 is left in its kzalloc()'ed state with ism_dev[0] == NULL and ism_chid[0] == 0. smc_v2_determine_accepted_chid() then matches the peer's CHID against the array starting from index 0 using the CHID alone. A malicious peer replying to a SMC-Dv2-only proposal with d1.chid == 0 matches the empty slot, ini->ism_selected becomes 0, and the subsequent ism_dev[0]->lgr_lock dereference in smc_conn_create() faults at offsetof(struct smcd_dev, lgr_lock) == 0x68: BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in _raw_spin_lock_bh+0x79/0xe0 Write of size 4 at addr 0000000000000068 by task exploit/144 Call Trace: _raw_spin_lock_bh smc_conn_create (net/smc/smc_core.c:1997) __smc_connect (net/smc/af_smc.c:1447) smc_connect (net/smc/af_smc.c:1720) __sys_connect __x64_sys_connect do_syscall_64 Require ism_dev[i] to be non-NULL before accepting a CHID match.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/dpu: don't mix devm and drmm functions Mixing devm and drmm functions will result in a use-after-free on msm driver teardown if userspace keeps a reference on the drm device: The WB connector data will be destroyed because of the use of devm_kzalloc()), while the usersoace still can try interacting with the WB connector (which uses drmm_ functions). Change dpu_writeback_init() to use drmm_. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/722656/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/qaic: Add overflow check to remap_pfn_range during mmap The call to remap_pfn_range in qaic_gem_object_mmap is susceptible to (re)mapping beyond the VMA if the BO is too large. This can cause use after free issues when munmap() unmaps only the VMA region and not the additional mappings. To prevent this, check the remaining size of the VMA before remapping and truncate the remapped length if sg->length is too large. [jhugo: fix braces from checkpatch --strict]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: block: don't overwrite bip_vcnt in bio_integrity_copy_user() bio_integrity_add_page() already sets bip_vcnt to 1 for the bounce segment. Overwriting it with nr_vecs breaks bip_vcnt <= bip_max_vcnt on WRITE (bip_max_vcnt is 1), so the gap-merge checks in block/blk.h read past the bip_vec[] flex array. On READ the read is in bounds but lands on a saved user bvec instead of the bounce. The line was added for split propagation, but bio_integrity_clone() doesn't copy bip_vcnt and BIP_CLONE_FLAGS excludes BIP_COPY_USER.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: cortina: Carry over frag counter The gmac_rx() NAPI poll function assembles packets in an SKB from a ring buffer. If the ring buffer gets completely emptied during a poll cycle, we exit gmac_rx(), but the packet is not yet completely assembled in the SKB, yet the fragment counter frag_nr is reset to zero on the next invocation. Solve this by making the RX fragment counter a part of the port struct, and carry it over between invocations. Reset the fragment counter only right after calling napi_gro_frags(), on error (after calling napi_free_frags()) or if stopping the port. Reset it in some place where not strictly necessary just to emphasize what is going on. This was found by Sashiko during normal patch review.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (lm90) Stop work before releasing hwmon device Sashiko reports: In lm90_probe(), the devm action to cancel the alert_work and report_work (lm90_restore_conf) is registered in lm90_init_client() before devm_hwmon_device_register_with_info() is called. Because devm executes cleanup actions in reverse order during module unbind or probe failure, the hwmon device is unregistered and freed first. If lm90_alert_work() or lm90_report_alarms() runs in the window between the hwmon device being freed and the delayed works being cancelled, lm90_update_alarms() will dereference the freed data->hwmon_dev here. Fix the problem by canceling the workers separately after registering the hwmon device and before registering the interrupt handler. This ensures that the workers are canceled after interrupts are disabled and before the hwmon device is released. Add "shutdown" flag to indicate that device shutdown is in progress to prevent workers from being re-armed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cachefiles: Fix error return when vfs_mkdir() fails When vfs_mkdir() fails, the error code is not extracted from the returned error pointer. This causes mkdir_error to be reached with ret=0, which leads to returning ERR_PTR(0) (NULL) instead of a proper error pointer. Fix this by extracting the error code from the error pointer when vfs_mkdir() fails.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ovpn: fix race between deleting interface and adding new peer While deleting an existing ovpn interface, there is a very narrow window where adding a new peer via netlink may cause the netdevice to hang and prevent its unregistration. It may happen during ovpn_dellink(), when all existing peers are freed and the device is queued for deregistration, but a CMD_PEER_NEW message comes in adding a new peer that takes again a reference to the netdev. At this point there is no way to release the device because we are under the assumption that all peers were already released. Fix the race condition by releasing all peers in ndo_uninit(), when the netdevice has already been removed from the netdev list. Also ovpn_peer_add() has now an extra check that forces the function to bail out if the device reg_state is not REGISTERED. This way any incoming CMD_PEER_NEW racing with the interface deletion routine will simply stop before adding the peer. Note that the above check happens while holding the netdev_lock to prevent racing netdev state changes. ovpn_dellink() is now empty and can be removed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/snapshot: fix dumping of the unaligned regions The snapshotting code internally aligns data segment to 16 bytes. This works fine for DPU code (where most of the regions are aligned), but fails for snapshotting of the DSI data (because DSI data region is shifted by 4 bytes). Fix the code by removing length alignment and by accurately printing last registers in the region. While reworking the code also fix the 16x memory overallocation in msm_disp_state_dump_regs(). Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/725449/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: codecs: fs210x: fix possible buffer overflow In fs210x_effect_scene_info(), a string was copied like this: strscpy(DST, SRC, strlen(SRC) + 1); A buffer overflow would happen if strlen(SRC) >= sizeof(DST). Actually, strscpy() must be used this way: strscpy(DST, SRC, sizeof(DST)); strscpy(DST, SRC); // defaults to sizeof(DST)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vfio/pci: Check BAR resources before exporting a DMABUF A DMABUF exports access to BAR resources and, although they are requested at startup time, we need to ensure they really were reserved before exporting. Otherwise, it's possible to access unreserved resources through the export. Add a check to the DMABUF-creation path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ovpn: respect peer refcount in CMD_NEW_PEER error path ovpn_nl_peer_new_doit()'s error path calls ovpn_peer_release() directly rather than ovpn_peer_put(), bypassing the kref. The accompanying comment ("peer was not yet hashed, thus it is not used in any context") holds for UDP but not for TCP. For UDP, the ovpn_socket union uses the .ovpn arm and never points back at a peer; UDP encap_recv looks up peers via the not-yet-populated hashtables, so the new peer is unreachable until ovpn_peer_add() publishes it. For TCP, ovpn_socket_new() sets ovpn_sock->peer and ovpn_tcp_socket_attach() publishes ovpn_sock via rcu_assign_sk_user_data(). From that moment until ovpn_socket_release() detaches in the error path, the TCP fd is fully wired: userspace recvmsg / sendmsg / close / poll on the fd, as well as the strparser-driven ovpn_tcp_rcv() path, can reach the peer through sk_user_data -> ovpn_sock->peer and bump its refcount via ovpn_peer_hold(). ovpn_tcp_socket_wait_finish() (called inside ovpn_socket_release()) drains strparser and the tx work, but does not synchronize with userspace syscall callers that already hold a peer reference. If ovpn_nl_peer_modify() or ovpn_peer_add() returns an error while such a caller is in flight - notably an ovpn_tcp_recvmsg() blocked in __skb_recv_datagram() on peer->tcp.user_queue - the direct ovpn_peer_release() destroys the peer while the caller still holds the reference, and the eventual ovpn_peer_put() from that caller operates on freed memory. Replace the direct destructor call with ovpn_peer_put() so the kref correctly defers destruction until the last reference is dropped. In the common case where no concurrent user is present, behaviour is unchanged: the kref hits zero immediately and ovpn_peer_release_kref() runs the same destructor. With this conversion ovpn_peer_release() has no callers outside peer.c - ovpn_peer_release_kref() in the same translation unit is the only remaining user - so make it static and drop its declaration from peer.h.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ovpn: tcp - use cached peer pointer in ovpn_tcp_close() ovpn_tcp_close() loads the ovpn_socket via rcu_dereference_sk_user_data() under rcu_read_lock(), takes a reference on sock->peer, caches the peer pointer in a local, and drops the read lock. It then passes sock->peer (rather than the cached local) to ovpn_peer_del(), re-dereferencing the ovpn_socket after the RCU read section has ended. Unlike ovpn_tcp_sendmsg(), which uses the same "load under RCU, use after unlock" pattern but is protected by lock_sock() held across the function, ovpn_tcp_close() runs without the socket lock: inet_release() invokes sk_prot->close() without taking lock_sock first. ovpn_socket_release() can therefore complete its kref_put -> detach -> synchronize_rcu -> kfree(sock) sequence concurrently, in the window after ovpn_tcp_close() drops rcu_read_lock() but before it dereferences sock->peer. The synchronize_rcu() in ovpn_socket_release() protects readers that use the dereferenced pointer inside the RCU read section, not those that escape the pointer to a local and use it afterwards. A reproducer follows the pattern of commit 94560267d6c4 ("ovpn: tcp - don't deref NULL sk_socket member after tcp_close()"): trigger a peer removal (keepalive expiration or netlink OVPN_CMD_DEL_PEER) at the same moment userspace closes the TCP fd. That commit fixed the detach-side of the same race window; this one fixes the close-side at a different victim. Tighten the entry block to read sock->peer exactly once into the cached peer local, and route all subsequent uses (the hold check, the ovpn_peer_del() call, and the prot->close() invocation) through that local. sock->peer is only ever written once in ovpn_socket_new() under lock_sock(), before rcu_assign_sk_user_data() publishes the ovpn_socket, and is never reassigned afterwards - but the previous multi-read pattern made that invariant implicit rather than explicit. The same multi-read shape exists in ovpn_tcp_recvmsg(), ovpn_tcp_sendmsg(), ovpn_tcp_data_ready() and ovpn_tcp_write_space(); those will be cleaned up via a dedicated helper in a follow-up net-next series.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: tls: prevent chain-after-chain in plain text SG Sashiko points out that if end = 0 (start != 0) the current code will create a chain link to content type right after the wrap link: This would create a chain where the wrap link points directly to another chain link. The scatterlist API sg_next iterator does not recursively resolve consecutive chain links. meaning this is illegal input to crypto. The wrapping link is unnecessary if end = 0. end is the entry after the last one used so end = 0 means there's nothing pushed after the wrap: end start i v v v [ ]...[ ][ d ][ d ][ d ][ d ][rsv for wrap] Skip the wrapping in this case. TLS 1.3 can use the "wrapping slot" for it's chaining if end = 0. This avoids the chain-after-chain. Move the wrap chaining before marking END and chaining off content type, that feels like more logical ordering to me, but should not matter from functional perspective.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mac80211: bounds-check link_id in ieee80211_ml_epcs IEEE80211_MLE_STA_EPCS_CONTROL_LINK_ID is 0x000f, so link_id extracted from a PRIO_ACCESS ML element PER_STA_PROFILE subelement can be 0..15. sdata->link[] has IEEE80211_MLD_MAX_NUM_LINKS (15) entries (indices 0..14), making index 15 out-of-bounds. A connected WiFi 7 AP can trigger this by sending an EPCS Enable Response action frame with a PER_STA_PROFILE subelement where link_id = 15. The unsolicited-notification path (dialog_token = 0) is reachable any time EPCS is already enabled, without any prior client request. sdata->link[15] reads into the first word of sdata->activate_links_work (a wiphy_work whose embedded list_head is non-NULL after INIT_LIST_HEAD), so the NULL check on the result does not catch the invalid access. The garbage pointer is then passed to ieee80211_sta_wmm_params(), which dereferences link->sdata and crashes the kernel. The same class of bug was fixed for ieee80211_ml_reconfiguration() by commit 162d331d833d ("wifi: mac80211: bounds-check link_id in ieee80211_ml_reconfiguration").

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix managed cache race for unaligned extents After unaligned compressed extents were introduced, the following race could occur: [Thread 1] [Thread 2] (z_erofs_fill_bio_vec) <handle a Z_EROFS_PREALLOCATED_FOLIO folio> ... filemap_add_folio (1) (z_erofs_bind_cache) <the same folio is found..> .. .. folio_attach_private (2) filemap_add_folio (3) again Since (1) is executed but (2) hasn't been executed yet, it's possible that another thread finds the same managed folio in z_erofs_bind_cache() for a different pcluster and calls filemap_add_folio() again since folio->private is still Z_EROFS_PREALLOCATED_FOLIO. Fix this by explicitly clearing folio->private before making the folio visible in the managed cache so that another pcluster can simply wait on the locked managed folio as what we did for other shared cases [1]. This only impacts unaligned data compression (`-E48bit` with zstd, for example). [1] Commit 9e2f9d34dd12 ("erofs: handle overlapped pclusters out of crafted images properly") was originally introduced to handle crafted overlapped extents, but it addresses unaligned extents as well.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bridge: mcast: Fix a possible use-after-free when removing a bridge port When per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled, the bridge iterates over all the bridge ports, disables the per-port multicast context on each port and enables the per-{port, VLAN} multicast contexts instead. The reverse happens when per-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled. When global multicast snooping is enabled, the bridge iterates over all the bridge ports and enables the per-port multicast context on each port. The reverse happens when multicast snooping is disabled. The above scheme can result in a situation where both types of contexts (per-port and per-{port, VLAN}) are enabled on a single bridge port: # ip link add name br1 up type bridge mcast_snooping 1 mcast_querier 1 vlan_filtering 1 # ip link add name dummy1 up master br1 type dummy # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_vlan_snooping 1 # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_snooping 0 # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_snooping 1 This is not intended and it is a problem since the commit cited below. Prior to this commit, when removing a bridge port, br_multicast_disable_port() would disable the per-port multicast context and the per-{port, VLAN} multicast contexts would get disabled when flushing VLANs. After this commit, br_multicast_disable_port() only disables the per-port multicast context if per-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled. If both types of contexts were enabled on the port when it was removed, the per-port multicast context would remain enabled when freeing the bridge port, leading to a use-after-free [1]. Fix by preventing the bridge from enabling / disabling the per-port multicast contexts when toggling global multicast snooping if per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled. [1] ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object: ffff88810f8bda78 object type: timer_list hint: br_ip6_multicast_port_query_expired (net/bridge/br_multicast.c:1927) WARNING: lib/debugobjects.c:629 at debug_print_object+0x1b1/0x3e0, CPU#5: swapper/5/0 [...] Call Trace: <IRQ> __debug_check_no_obj_freed (lib/debugobjects.c:1116) kfree (mm/slub.c:2620 mm/slub.c:6250 mm/slub.c:6565) kobject_cleanup (lib/kobject.c:689) rcu_do_batch (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2617) rcu_core (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2869) handle_softirqs (kernel/softirq.c:622) __irq_exit_rcu (kernel/softirq.c:656 kernel/softirq.c:496 kernel/softirq.c:735) irq_exit_rcu (kernel/softirq.c:752) sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1061 (discriminator 47) arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1061 (discriminator 47)) </IRQ>

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/rtrs: Fix use-after-free in path file creation cleanup In the error path of rtrs_srv_create_path_files(), the sysfs root folders may already have been created and srv_path->kobj may already have been initialized. If a later step fails, the cleanup currently calls kobject_put(&srv_path->kobj) before rtrs_srv_destroy_once_sysfs_root_folders(srv_path). kobject_put() may drop the last reference to srv_path->kobj and invoke the release callback, rtrs_srv_release(), which frees srv_path. The following call to rtrs_srv_destroy_once_sysfs_root_folders(srv_path) then dereferences srv_path internally to access srv_path->srv, resulting in a use-after-free. This failure path is reached before rtrs_srv_create_path_files() returns success, so the successful-path lifetime handling is not involved. Fix this by destroying the sysfs root folders before calling kobject_put(&srv_path->kobj), so srv_path is still valid while the helper accesses it. This issue was found by a static analysis tool I am developing.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: mana: Fix TOCTOU double-fetch of hwc_msg_id from DMA buffer In mana_hwc_rx_event_handler(), resp->response.hwc_msg_id is read from DMA-coherent memory and bounds-checked, then mana_hwc_handle_resp() re-reads the same field from the same DMA buffer for test_bit() and pointer arithmetic. DMA-coherent memory is mapped uncacheable on x86 and is shared, unencrypted, in Confidential VMs (SEV-SNP/TDX), so each load goes directly to host-visible memory. A H/W can modify the value between the check and the use, bypassing the bounds validation. Fix this by reading hwc_msg_id exactly once using READ_ONCE() into a stack-local variable in mana_hwc_rx_event_handler(), and passing the validated value as a parameter to mana_hwc_handle_resp().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: igc: set tx buffer type for SMD frames Sashiko pointed out that igc_fpe_init_smd_frame() initializes igc_tx_buffer fields for an SMD skb, but does not set the buffer type: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260415025226.114115-1-kohei%40enjuk.jp Since igc_tx_buffer entries are reused, a stale XDP or XSK type can remain and make TX completion use the wrong cleanup path. Set the buffer type to IGC_TX_BUFFER_TYPE_SKB.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cgroup/rstat: validate cpu before css_rstat_cpu() access css_rstat_updated() is exposed as a BPF kfunc and accepts a caller-provided cpu argument. The function uses cpu for per-cpu rstat lookups without checking whether it refers to a valid possible CPU. A BPF iter/cgroup program with CAP_BPF and CAP_PERFMON can pass an invalid cpu value. On an unfixed UBSCAN_BOUNDS test kernel, cpu == 0x7fffffff triggers: UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in kernel/cgroup/rstat.c:31:9 index 2147483647 is out of range for type 'long unsigned int [64]' Call Trace: css_rstat_updated bpf_iter_run_prog cgroup_iter_seq_show bpf_seq_read Add cpu validation to the BPF-facing css_rstat_updated() kfunc and move the common implementation to __css_rstat_updated() for in-kernel callers.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mld: fix TSO segmentation explosion when AMSDU is disabled When the TLC notification disables AMSDU for a TID, the MLD driver sets max_tid_amsdu_len to the sentinel value 1. The TSO segmentation path in iwl_mld_tx_tso_segment() checks for zero but not for this sentinel, allowing it to reach the num_subframes calculation: num_subframes = (max_tid_amsdu_len + pad) / (subf_len + pad) = (1 + 2) / (1534 + 2) = 0 This zero propagates to iwl_tx_tso_segment() which sets: gso_size = num_subframes * mss = 0 Calling skb_gso_segment() with gso_size=0 creates over 32000 tiny segments from a single GSO skb. This floods the TX ring with ~1024 micro-frames (the rest are purged), creating a massive burst of TX completion events that can lead to memory corruption and a subsequent use-after-free in TCP's retransmit queue (refcount underflow in tcp_shifted_skb, NULL deref in tcp_rack_detect_loss). The MVM driver is immune because it checks mvmsta->amsdu_enabled before reaching the num_subframes calculation. The MLD driver has no equivalent bitmap check and relies solely on max_tid_amsdu_len, which does not catch the sentinel value. Fix this by detecting the sentinel value (max_tid_amsdu_len == 1) at the existing check and falling back to non-AMSDU TSO segmentation. Also add a WARN_ON_ONCE guard after the num_subframes division as defense-in-depth to catch any future code paths that produce zero through a different mechanism.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/oa: Fix exec_queue leak on width check in stream open In xe_oa_stream_open_ioctl(), when param.exec_q->width > 1 the function returns -EOPNOTSUPP directly, skipping the existing err_exec_q cleanup path. The exec_queue reference obtained by xe_exec_queue_lookup() is leaked. The exec queue holds a reference on the xe_file, which is only dropped during queue teardown. The leaked lookup ref is not on the file's exec_queue xarray, so file close cannot release it. This keeps both the exec queue and the file private state pinned indefinitely. Jump to err_exec_q instead of returning directly so the reference is released. (cherry picked from commit 339fa0be9e4a5d69fa47e91f4a36574224fb478f)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: aggregator: remove the software node when deactivating the aggregator The dynamic software node we create for the aggregator platform device when using configfs is leaked when the device is deactivated. Destroy it as the last step in the tear-down path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Avoid NULL return from hist_field_name() on truncation hist_field_name() returns "" everywhere except the fully-qualified VAR_REF/EXPR case, where snprintf() truncation returns NULL early and bypasses the bottom NULL->"" guard. Callers don't expect NULL: strcat(expr, hist_field_name(field, 0)) at trace_events_hist.c:1758 and the strcmp() in the sort-key match loop at :4804 both deref it. system and event_name are bounded by MAX_EVENT_NAME_LEN, but the field name on a VAR_REF is kstrdup'd from a histogram variable name parsed out of the trigger string and has no length cap, so a long enough var name in a fully qualified reference can reach the truncation path. Keep the length check but leave field_name as "" on overflow.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-pci: fix dma_vecs leak on p2p memory We don't unmap P2P memory, so we don't need to track it. The dma_vec allocation was getting leaked on the completion.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: aggregator: fix a potential use-after-free On error we free aggr->lookups->dev_id before removing the entry from the lookup table. If a concurrent thread calls gpiod_find() before we remove the entry, it could iterate over the list and call gpiod_match_lookup_table() which unconditionally dereferences dev_id when calling strcmp(). Reverse the order of cleanup.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: fix stale per-CPU tcp_tw_isn leak enabling ISN prediction Blamed commit moved the TIME_WAIT-derived ISN from the skb control block to a per-CPU variable, assuming the value would always be consumed by tcp_conn_request() for the same packet that wrote it. That assumption is violated by multiple drop paths between the producer (__this_cpu_write(tcp_tw_isn, isn) in tcp_v{4,6}_rcv()) and the consumer (tcp_conn_request()): - min_ttl / min_hopcount check - xfrm policy check - tcp_inbound_hash() MD5/AO mismatch - tcp_filter() eBPF/SO_ATTACH_FILTER drop - th->syn && th->fin discard in tcp_rcv_state_process() TCP_LISTEN - psp_sk_rx_policy_check() in tcp_v{4,6}_do_rcv() - tcp_checksum_complete() in tcp_v{4,6}_do_rcv() - tcp_v{4,6}_cookie_check() returning NULL When a packet is dropped on any of these paths, tcp_tw_isn is left set. The next SYN processed on the same CPU then consumes the non zero value in tcp_conn_request(), receiving a potentially predictable ISN. This patch moves back tcp_tw_isn to skb->cb[], getting rid of the per-cpu variable. Note that tcp_v{4,6}_fill_cb() do not set it. Very litle impact on overall code size/complexity: $ scripts/bloat-o-meter -t vmlinux.old vmlinux.new add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 8/-15 (-7) Function old new delta tcp_v6_rcv 3038 3042 +4 tcp_v4_rcv 3035 3039 +4 tcp_conn_request 2938 2923 -15 Total: Before=24436060, After=24436053, chg -0.00%

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf, skmsg: fix verdict sk_data_ready racing with ktls rx sk_psock_strp_data_ready() already checks tls_sw_has_ctx_rx() and defers to psock->saved_data_ready when a TLS RX context is present, avoiding a conflict with the TLS strparser's ownership of the receive queue (commit e91de6afa81c, "bpf: Fix running sk_skb program types with ktls"). sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() has no equivalent guard. When a socket is inserted into a sockmap (BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT) before TLS RX is configured, tls_sw_strparser_arm() saves sk_psock_verdict_data_ready as rx_ctx->saved_data_ready. On data arrival: tls_data_ready -> tls_strp_data_ready -> tls_rx_msg_ready -> saved_data_ready() = sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() -> tcp_read_skb() drains sk_receive_queue via __skb_unlink() without calling tcp_eat_skb(), so copied_seq is not advanced. tls_strp_msg_load() then finds tcp_inq() >= full_len (stale), calls tcp_recv_skb() on the now-empty queue, hits WARN_ON_ONCE(!first), and returns with rx_ctx->strp.anchor.frag_list pointing at a psock-owned (potentially freed) skb. tls_decrypt_sg() subsequently walks that frag_list: use-after-free. Apply the same fix as sk_psock_strp_data_ready(): if a TLS RX context is present, call psock->saved_data_ready (sock_def_readable) to wake recv() waiters and return immediately, leaving the receive queue untouched. TLS retains sole ownership of the queue and decrypts the record normally through tls_sw_recvmsg().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix DATA decrypt vs splice() by copying data to buffer in recvmsg This improves the fix for CVE-2026-43500. Fix the pagecache corruption from in-place decryption of a DATA packet transmitted locally by splice() by getting rid of the packet sharing in the I/O thread and unconditionally extracting the packet content into a bounce buffer in which the buffer is decrypted. recvmsg() (or the kernel equivalent) then copies the data from the bounce buffer to the destination buffer. The sk_buff then remains unmodified. This has an additional advantage in that the packet is then arranged in the buffer with the correct alignment required for the crypto algorithms to process directly. The performance of the crypto does seem to be a little faster and, surprisingly, the unencrypted performance doesn't seem to change much - possibly due to removing complexity from the I/O thread. Yet another advantage is that the I/O thread doesn't have to copy packets which would slow down packet distribution, ACK generation, etc.. The buffer belongs to the call and is allocated initially at 2K, sufficiently large to hold a whole jumbo subpacket, but the buffer will be increased in size if needed. However, to take this work, MSG_PEEK may cause a later packet to be decrypted into the buffer, in which case the earlier one will need re-decrypting for a subsequent recvmsg(). Note that rx_pkt_offset may legitimately see 0 as a valid offset now, so switch to using USHRT_MAX to indicate an invalid offset. Note also that I would generally prefer to replace the buffers of the current sk_buff with a new kmalloc'd buffer of the right size, ditching the old data and frags as this makes the handling of MSG_PEEK easier and removes the re-decryption issue, but this looks like quite a complicated thing to achieve. skb_morph() looks half way to what I want, but I don't want to have to allocate a new sk_buff.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: shaper: rework the VALID marking (again) Recent commit changed the semantics from NOT_VALID to VALID. I didn't realize that the flags are not stored atomically with the entry in XArray. There's still a race of reader observing a VALID mark for a slot, getting interrupted, writer replacing the entry with a different one, reader continuing, fetching the entry which is now a different pointer than the pointer for which VALID was meant. The biggest consequence of this is that we may see a UAF since net_shaper_rollback() assumed that entries without VALID can be freed without observing RCU. Looks like the XArray marks are buying us nothing at this point. Let's convert the code to an explicit valid field. The smp_load_acquire() / smp_store_release() barriers are marginally cleaner.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: seq: Serialize UMP output teardown with event_input seq_ump_process_event() borrows client->out_rfile.output without synchronizing with the first-open and last-close transition in seq_ump_client_open() and seq_ump_client_close(). The last output unuse can therefore drop opened[STR_OUT] to zero and release the rawmidi file while an in-flight event_input callback is still inside snd_rawmidi_kernel_write(). That leaves the rawmidi substream runtime exposed to teardown before the write path has taken its own buffer reference. Add a per-client rwlock for the event_input-visible output file. Publish a newly opened output file under the write side, and hold the read side from the output lookup through snd_rawmidi_kernel_write(). The last output close copies and clears the visible output file under the write side, then drops the lock and releases the saved rawmidi file. Use IRQ-safe rwlock guards because event_input can also be reached from atomic sequencer delivery. The buggy scenario involves two paths, with each column showing the order within that path: path A label: event_input path path B label: last unuse path 1. seq_ump_process_event() reads 1. seq_ump_client_close() client->out_rfile.output. drops opened[STR_OUT] to zero. 2. snd_rawmidi_kernel_write1() 2. snd_rawmidi_kernel_release() has not yet pinned runtime. closes the output file. 3. The writer continues using 3. close_substream() frees the borrowed substream. substream->runtime. This keeps the output substream and runtime alive for the full event_input write while keeping rawmidi release outside the rwlock. KASAN reproduced this as a slab-use-after-free in snd_rawmidi_kernel_write1(), with allocation through seq_ump_use()/snd_seq_port_connect() and free through seq_ump_unuse()/snd_seq_port_disconnect(). Validation reproduced this kernel report: KASAN slab-use-after-free in snd_rawmidi_kernel_write1+0x9d/0x400 RIP: 0033:0x7f5528af837f Read of size 8 Call trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x73/0xb0 (?:?) print_report+0xd1/0x650 (?:?) srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 (?:?) __virt_addr_valid+0x1a7/0x340 (?:?) kasan_complete_mode_report_info+0x64/0x200 (?:?) kasan_report+0xf7/0x130 (?:?) snd_rawmidi_kernel_write1+0x9d/0x400 (?:?) __asan_load8+0x82/0xb0 (?:?) update_stack_state+0x1ef/0x2d0 (?:?) snd_rawmidi_kernel_write+0x1a/0x20 (?:?) seq_ump_process_event+0xd4/0x120 (sound/core/seq/seq_ump_client.c:82) __snd_seq_deliver_single_event+0x8a/0xe0 (?:?) snd_seq_deliver_from_ump+0x2b2/0xd60 (?:?) lock_acquire+0x14e/0x2e0 (?:?) find_held_lock+0x31/0x90 (?:?) snd_seq_port_use_ptr+0xa6/0xe0 (?:?) __kasan_check_write+0x18/0x20 (?:?) do_raw_read_unlock+0x32/0xa0 (?:?) _raw_read_unlock+0x26/0x50 (?:?) snd_seq_deliver_single_event+0x45c/0x4b0 (?:?) snd_seq_deliver_event+0x10d/0x1b0 (?:?) snd_seq_client_enqueue_event+0x192/0x240 (?:?) snd_seq_write+0x2cd/0x450 (?:?) apparmor_file_permission+0x20/0x30 (?:?) security_file_permission+0x51/0x60 (?:?) vfs_write+0x1ce/0x850 (?:?) __fget_files+0x12b/0x220 (?:?) lock_release+0xc8/0x2a0 (?:?) __rcu_read_unlock+0x74/0x2d0 (?:?) __fget_files+0x135/0x220 (?:?) ksys_write+0x15a/0x180 (?:?) rcu_is_watching+0x24/0x60 (?:?) __x64_sys_write+0x46/0x60 (?:?) x64_sys_call+0x7d/0x20d0 (?:?) do_syscall_64+0xc1/0x360 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:87) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f (?:?)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: sch_sfb: Replace direct dequeue call with peek and qdisc_dequeue_peeked When sfb has children (eg qfq qdisc) whose peek() callback is qdisc_peek_dequeued(), we could get a kernel panic. When the parent of such qdiscs (eg illustrated in patch #3 as tbf) wants to retrieve an skb from its child (sfb in this case), it will do the following: 1a. do a peek() - and when sensing there's an skb the child can offer, then - the child in this case(sfb) calls its child's (qfq) peek. qfq does the right thing and will return the gso_skb queue packet. Note: if there wasnt a gso_skb entry then qfq will store it there. 1b. invoke a dequeue() on the child (sfb). And herein lies the problem. - sfb will call the child's dequeue() which will essentially just try to grab something of qfq's queue. [ 127.594489][ T453] KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000048-0x000000000000004f] [ 127.594741][ T453] CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 453 Comm: ping Not tainted 7.1.0-rc1-00035-gac961974495b-dirty #793 PREEMPT(full) [ 127.595059][ T453] Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 [ 127.595254][ T453] RIP: 0010:qfq_dequeue+0x35c/0x1650 [sch_qfq] [ 127.595461][ T453] Code: 00 fc ff df 80 3c 02 00 0f 85 17 0e 00 00 4c 8d 73 48 48 89 9d b8 02 00 00 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 4c 89 f2 48 c1 ea 03 <80> 3c 02 00 0f 85 76 0c 00 00 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 4c 8b [ 127.596081][ T453] RSP: 0018:ffff88810e5af440 EFLAGS: 00010216 [ 127.596337][ T453] RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: dffffc0000000000 [ 127.596623][ T453] RDX: 0000000000000009 RSI: 0000001880000000 RDI: ffff888104fd82b0 [ 127.596917][ T453] RBP: ffff888104fd8000 R08: ffff888104fd8280 R09: 1ffff110211893a3 [ 127.597165][ T453] R10: 1ffff110211893a6 R11: 1ffff110211893a7 R12: 0000001880000000 [ 127.597404][ T453] R13: ffff888104fd82b8 R14: 0000000000000048 R15: 0000000040000000 [ 127.597644][ T453] FS: 00007fc380cbfc40(0000) GS:ffff88816f2a8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 127.597956][ T453] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 127.598160][ T453] CR2: 00005610aa9890a8 CR3: 000000010369e000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0 [ 127.598390][ T453] PKRU: 55555554 [ 127.598509][ T453] Call Trace: [ 127.598629][ T453] <TASK> [ 127.598718][ T453] ? mark_held_locks+0x40/0x70 [ 127.598890][ T453] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 127.599053][ T453] sfb_dequeue+0x88/0x4d0 [ 127.599174][ T453] ? ktime_get+0x137/0x230 [ 127.599328][ T453] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 127.599480][ T453] ? qdisc_peek_dequeued+0x7b/0x350 [sch_qfq] [ 127.599670][ T453] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 127.599831][ T453] tbf_dequeue+0x6b1/0x1098 [sch_tbf] [ 127.599988][ T453] __qdisc_run+0x169/0x1900 The right thing to do in #1b is to grab the skb off gso_skb queue. This patchset fixes that issue by changing #1b to use qdisc_dequeue_peeked() method instead.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ACPI: button: Fix ACPI GPE handler leak during removal Commit a7e23ec17fee ("ACPI: button: Install notifier for system events as well") changed the ACPI notify handler type for ACPI buttons to ACPI_ALL_NOTIFY, but it forgot to update acpi_button_remove() to reflect that change. This leads to leaking the notify handler past driver removal, which may cause a kernel crash to occur if ACPI notify on the given device is triggered after removing the driver, and causes a subsequent probe of the given device with the same driver to fail. Address this by updating the acpi_remove_notify_handler() call in acpi_button_remove() as appropriate.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Input: usbtouchscreen - clamp NEXIO data_len/x_len to URB buffer size nexio_read_data() pulls data_len and x_len from a packed __be16 header in the device's interrupt packet and then walks packet->data[0..x_len) and packet->data[x_len..data_len) comparing each byte against a threshold. Both fields are 16-bit on the wire (max 65535). The existing adjustments shave at most 0x100 / 0x80 off, so the loop bound can still reach roughly 0xfeff. The URB transfer buffer for NEXIO is rept_size (1024) bytes from usb_alloc_coherent(), with the first 7 occupied by the packed header — so packet->data[] has 1017 valid bytes. read_data() callbacks are not given urb->actual_length, and nothing else bounds the walk. A device that lies about its length can get a ~64 KiB out-of-bounds read past the coherent DMA allocation. The first index whose byte exceeds NEXIO_THRESHOLD lands in begin_x / begin_y and from there into the reported touch coordinates, so adjacent kernel memory contents leak to userspace as ABS_X / ABS_Y events. Far enough out, the read can also hit an unmapped page and fault. Fix this all by clamping data_len to the buffer's data[] capacity and x_len to data_len.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-pci: fix dma mapping leak on data setup error We're leaking the initial DMA mapping during iteration if we fail to allocate the tracking descriptor for both PRP and SGL. Unmap the iterator directly; we can't use the existing unmap helper because it depends on the tracking descriptor being successfully allocated, so a new one for an in-use iterator is provided. The mappings were also leaking when the driver detects an invalid bio_vec when mapping PRPs, so fix that too.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: security/keys: fix missed RCU read section on lookup Nicholas Carlini reports that the keyring code calls assoc_array_find() in find_key_to_update() without holding the RCU read lock, while the assoc_array_gc() code really is designed around removing the node from the tree and then freeing it after an RCU grace-period. The regular key handling doesn't see this because holding the keyring semaphore hides any lifetime issues, but the persistent key handling uses a different model. Instead of extending the keyring locking, just do the simple RCU locking that the assoc_array was designed for.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix durable reconnect error path file lifetime After a durable reconnect succeeds, ksmbd_reopen_durable_fd() republishes the same ksmbd_file into the session volatile-id table. If smb2_open() then takes a later error path, cleanup first calls ksmbd_fd_put(work, fp) and then unconditionally calls ksmbd_put_durable_fd(dh_info.fp). In this case fp and dh_info.fp are the same object. The first put drops the reconnect lookup reference, but the final durable put can run __ksmbd_close_fd(NULL, fp). Because the final close is not session-aware, it can free the file object without removing the volatile-id entry that was just published into the session table. Use the session-aware put for the final reconnect drop when the reconnect had already succeeded and the error path is cleaning up the republished file. Earlier reconnect failures, before fp is assigned to dh_info.fp, keep using the durable-only put path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: blk-mq: pop cached request if it is usable When submitting a bio to blk-mq, if the task should sleep after peeking a cached request, but before it pops it, the plug flushes and calls blk_mq_free_plug_rqs, freeing the cached_rqs. This creates a use-after-free bug. Fix this by popping the cached request before any possible blocking calls if it is suitable for use. Popping this request first holds a queue reference, so avoid any serialization races with queue freezes and can safely proceed with dispatching that request to the driver. This potentially increases a timing window from when a driver wants to freeze its queue to when requests stop being dispatched. That scenario is off the fast path though, and drivers need to appropriately handle requests during a freeze request anyway. The downside is the popped element needs to be individually freed when we performed a bio plug merge. The cached request would have had to be freed later anyway, but this patch does it inline with building the plug list instead of after flushing it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: mana: validate rx_req_idx to prevent out-of-bounds array access In mana_hwc_rx_event_handler(), rx_req_idx is derived from sge->address in DMA-coherent memory. In Confidential VMs (SEV-SNP/TDX), this memory is shared unencrypted and HW can modify WQE contents at any time. No bounds check exists on rx_req_idx, which can lead to an out-of-bounds access into reqs[]. Add bounds check on rx_req_idx in mana_hwc_rx_event_handler() before using it to index the reqs[] array.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: fix dst corruption in same register operation For lshift and rshift, the shift operations are performed in a loop over 32-bit words. The loop calculates the shifted value and write it to dst, and then immediately reads from src to calculate the carry for the next iteration. Because src and dst could point to the same memory location, the carry is incorrectly calculated using the newly modified dst value instead of the original src value. Adding a temporary local variable to cache the original value before writing to dst and using it for the carry calculation solves the problem. In addition, partial overlap is rejected from control plane for all kind of operations including byteorder. This was tested with the following bytecode: table test_table ip flags 0 use 1 handle 1 ip test_table test_chain use 3 type filter hook input prio 0 policy accept packets 0 bytes 0 flags 1 ip test_table test_chain 2 [ immediate reg 1 0x44332211 0x88776655 ] [ bitwise reg 1 = ( reg 1 << 0x08000000 ) ] [ cmp eq reg 1 0x66443322 0x00887766 ] [ counter pkts 0 bytes 0 ] ip test_table test_chain 4 3 [ immediate reg 1 0x44332211 0x88776655 ] [ bitwise reg 1 = ( reg 1 << 0x08000000 ) ] [ cmp eq reg 1 0x55443322 0x00887766 ] [ counter pkts 21794 bytes 1917798 ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/iucv: fix locking in .getsockopt Mirror iucv_sock_setsockopt() and wrap the whole switch in lock_sock()/release_sock(). The pre-existing SO_MSGLIMIT-only lock becomes redundant and is removed. Any AF_IUCV HIPER user can potentially crash the kernel by racing recvmsg() with getsockopt(SO_MSGSIZE): the SO_MSGSIZE arm dereferences iucv->hs_dev->mtu after iucv_sock_close() (called from the racing recvmsg()) has set hs_dev to NULL, producing a NULL pointer dereference oops.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/smc: Do not re-initialize smc hashtables INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&smc_v*_hashinfo.ht) are called after smc_nl_init(), proto_register() and sock_register(). This can lead to smc_v*_hashinfo.ht being reset even though hash entries already exist and are being used, possibly resulting in a corrupted list. Remove unnecessary and dangerous re-initialisation of smc_v*_hashinfo.ht in smc_init(); it is implicitly initialised to zero anyhow. Add HLIST_HEAD_INIT to the definitions for clarity.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: synproxy: refresh tcphdr after skb_ensure_writable synproxy_tstamp_adjust() rewrites the TCP timestamp option in place and then patches the TCP checksum via inet_proto_csum_replace4() on the caller-supplied tcphdr pointer. Both ipv4_synproxy_hook() and ipv6_synproxy_hook() obtain that pointer with skb_header_pointer() before calling in, so it may either alias skb->head directly or point at the caller's on-stack _tcph buffer. Between obtaining the pointer and using it, the function calls skb_ensure_writable(skb, optend), which on a cloned or non-linear skb invokes pskb_expand_head() and frees the old skb->head. After that point the cached th is stale: caller (ipv[46]_synproxy_hook) th = skb_header_pointer(skb, ..., &_tcph) synproxy_tstamp_adjust(skb, protoff, th, ...) skb_ensure_writable(skb, optend) pskb_expand_head() /* kfree(old skb->head) */ ... inet_proto_csum_replace4(&th->check, ...) /* writes into freed head, or into the caller's stack copy leaving the on-wire checksum stale */ The option bytes are written through skb->data and are fine; only the checksum update goes through th and so lands in the wrong place. The result is either a write into freed slab memory or a packet leaving with a checksum that does not match its payload. Fix by re-deriving th from skb->data + protoff immediately after skb_ensure_writable() succeeds, so the subsequent checksum update targets the linear, writable header.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/rocket: fix UAF via dangling GEM handle in create_bo rocket_ioctl_create_bo() inserts a GEM handle into the file's IDR via drm_gem_handle_create() early on, then performs several operations that can fail (sgt allocation, drm_mm insert, iommu_map). If any fail after the handle is live, the error path calls drm_gem_shmem_object_free() which kfree's the object without removing the handle from the IDR. This leaves a dangling handle pointing to freed slab memory. Any subsequent ioctl using that handle (PREP_BO, FINI_BO, SUBMIT) calls drm_gem_object_lookup() and dereferences freed memory (UAF). Fix by moving drm_gem_handle_create() to after all fallible operations succeed, matching the pattern used by panfrost, lima, and etnaviv. Also fix drm_mm_insert_node_generic() whose return value was silently overwritten by iommu_map_sgtable() on the next line. Add the missing error check. [tomeu: Move handle creation to the very end]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: Check for underflow in xfrm_state_mtu Leo Lin reported OOB write issue in esp component: xfrm_state_mtu() returns u32 but performs its arithmetic in unsigned modulo-2^32 space using an attacker-influenced "header_len + authsize + net_adj" subtracted from a small "mtu" argument. A nobody user can install an IPv4 ESP tunnel SA with a large authentication key (XFRMA_ALG_AUTH_TRUNC, e.g. hmac(sha512), 64-byte key, 64-byte trunc), configure a small interface MTU (68 bytes), and set XFRMA_TFCPAD to a large value. When a single UDP datagram is then sent through the tunnel, xfrm_state_mtu() underflows to a near-2^32 value, and esp_output() consumes it as a signed int via: padto = min(x->tfcpad, xfrm_state_mtu(x, mtu_cached)) esp.tfclen = padto - skb->len (assigned to int) esp.tfclen ends up negative (e.g. -207). It is sign-extended to size_t when passed to memset() inside esp_output_fill_trailer(), producing a ~16 EB write of zeroes at skb_tail_pointer(skb). KASAN logs it as "Write of size 18446744073709551537 at addr ffff888...". Check for underflow and return 1. This causes the sendmsg attempt to fail with ENETUNREACH.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfc: llcp: Fix use-after-free race in nfc_llcp_recv_cc() A race condition exists in the NFC LLCP connection state machine where the connection acceptance packet (CC) can be processed concurrently with socket release. This can lead to a use-after-free of the socket object. When nfc_llcp_recv_cc() moves the socket from the connecting_sockets list to the sockets list, it does so without holding the socket lock. If llcp_sock_release() is executing concurrently, it might have already unlinked the socket and dropped its references, which can result in nfc_llcp_recv_cc() linking a freed socket into the live list. Fix this by holding lock_sock() during the state transition and list movement in nfc_llcp_recv_cc(). After acquiring the lock, check if the socket is still hashed to ensure it hasn't already been unlinked and marked for destruction by the release path. This aligns the locking pattern with recv_hdlc() and recv_disc().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfc: llcp: Fix use-after-free in llcp_sock_release() llcp_sock_release() unconditionally unlinks the socket from the local sockets list. However, if the socket is still in connecting state, it is on the connecting list. Fix this by checking the socket state and unlinking from the correct list.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ethtool: module: avoid leaking a netdev ref on module flash errors module_flash_fw_schedule() is missing undo for setting the "in_progress" flag and taking the netdev reference. Delay taking these, the device can't disappear while we are holding rtnl_lock.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ethtool: module: call ethnl_ops_complete() on module flash errors When validate() fails we are skipping over ethnl_ops_complete() even tho we already called ethnl_ops_begin().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ethtool: rss: fix indir_table and hkey leak on get_rxfh failure rss_prepare_get() allocates the indirection table and hash key buffer via rss_get_data_alloc(), then calls ops->get_rxfh() to populate them. If get_rxfh() fails, the function returns an error without freeing the allocation.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: pcm: oss: Fix setup list UAF on proc write error snd_pcm_oss_proc_write() links a newly allocated setup entry into the OSS setup list before duplicating the task name. If the task-name allocation fails, the error path frees the already linked entry and leaves setup_list pointing at freed memory. A later OSS device open can then walk the stale list entry in snd_pcm_oss_look_for_setup() and dereference freed memory. Allocate the task name and initialize the setup entry before publishing the entry on setup_list. Also fetch the initial proc read iterator only after taking setup_mutex, so all setup_list traversal follows the same list lifetime rules.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ethtool: cmis: validate start_cmd_payload_size from module The CMIS firmware update code reads start_cmd_payload_size from the module's FW Management Features CDB reply and uses it directly as the byte count for memcpy. The destination buffer is 112 bytes (ETHTOOL_CMIS_CDB_LPL_MAX_PL_LENGTH - 8). So a malicious module (or corrupted response) can cause a OOB write later on in cmis_fw_update_start_download(). Let's error out. If modules that expect longer LPL writes actually exist we should revisit. struct cmis_cdb_start_fw_download_pl's definition has to move, no change there.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ethtool: cmis: require exact CDB reply length Malicious SFP module could respond with rpl_len longer than what cmis_cdb_process_reply() expected, leading to OOB writes. Malicious HW is a bit theoretical but some modules may just be buggy and/or the reads may occasionally get corrupted, so let's protect the kernel. The existing check protects from short replies. We need to protect from long ones, too. All callers that pass a non-zero rpl_exp_len cast the reply payload to a fixed-layout struct and read fields at fixed offsets, with no version negotiation or short-reply handling: - cmis_cdb_validate_password() - cmis_cdb_module_features_get() - cmis_fw_update_fw_mng_features_get() so let's assume that responses longer than expected do not have to be handled gracefully here. Add a warning message to make the debug easier in case my understanding is wrong... Note that page_data->length (argument of kmalloc) comes from last arg to ethtool_cmis_page_init() which is rpl_exp_len. Note2 that AIs also like to point out overflows in args->req.payload itself (which is a fixed-size 120 B buffer, on the stack), but callers should be reading structs defined by the standard, so protecting from requests for more data than max seem like defensive programming.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: hsr: fix potential OOB access in supervision frame handling Ensure the entire TLV header is linearized before access by adding sizeof(struct hsr_sup_tlv) to the pskb_may_pull() calls. Without this, a truncated frame could cause an out-of-bounds access.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv4: free net->ipv4.sysctl_local_reserved_ports after unregister_net_sysctl_table() ipv4_sysctl_exit_net() is currently freeing net->ipv4.sysctl_local_reserved_ports too soon. Only after unregister_net_sysctl_table() we can be sure no threads can possibly use the sysctls, including /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_reserved_ports.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: core: Run queues for all non-SDEV_DEL devices from scsi_run_host_queues While a SCSI host is in a recovery state, scsi_mq_requeue_cmd() will not set the requeue list for a requeued command to be kicked in the future. The expectation is a call to scsi_run_host_queues() will kick all SCSI devices once the recovery state is cleared. However, scsi_run_host_queues() uses shost_for_each_device() which uses scsi_device_get() and so will ignore devices in a partially removed state like SDEV_CANCEL. But these devices may also have requeued requests, leaving their requests stuck from not being kicked and causing the removal process of the device to hang. scsi_run_host_queues() needs to run against more devices than the macro shost_for_each_device() allows. Instead of using the too limiting scsi_device_get() state checks, only ignore devices in SDEV_DEL state or when unable to acquire a reference. Attempt to run the queues for all other devices when scsi_run_host_queues() is called.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tunnels: do not assume transport header in iptunnel_pmtud_check_icmp() In some cases, iptunnel_pmtud_check_icmp() can be called while skb transport header is not set. This triggers an out-of-bound access, because (typeof(skb->transport_header))~0U is 65535. Access the icmp header based on IPv4 network header, after making sure icmp->type is present in skb linear part. Note that iptunnel_pmtud_check_icmpv6()) is fine.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vxlan: do not reuse cached ip_hdr() value after skb_tunnel_check_pmtu() skb_tunnel_check_pmtu() can change skb->head. Reusing old_iph afer skb_tunnel_check_pmtu() can cause an UAF. Use instead ip_hdr(skb) as done in drivers/net/bareudp.c and drivers/net/geneve.c. Found by Sashiko.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tunnels: load network headers after skb_cow() in iptunnel_pmtud_build_icmp[v6]() Sashiko found that iptunnel_pmtud_build_icmp() and iptunnel_pmtud_build_icmpv6() were caching ip_hdr() and ipv6_hdr() before an skb_cow() call which can reallocate skb->head. Fix this possible UAF by initializing the local variables after the skb_cow() call. Remove skb_reset_network_header() calls which were not needed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: 6lowpan: check skb_clone() return value in send_mcast_pkt() The skb_clone() function can return NULL if memory allocation fails. send_mcast_pkt() calls skb_clone() without checking the return value, which can lead to a NULL pointer dereference in send_pkt() when it dereferences skb->data. Add a NULL check after skb_clone() and skip the peer if the clone fails.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bridge: Fix sleep in atomic context in sysfs path Since the start of the git history, brport_store() always acquired the bridge lock. Back then this decision made sense: The bridge lock protects the STP state of the bridge and its ports and at that time the function was only used by two STP related attributes (cost and priority). Nowadays, brport_store() processes a lot more attributes and most of them do not need the bridge lock: * Bridge flags: Only require RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. Annotations can be added in net-next. * FDB port flushing: Only requires the FDB lock. * Multicast attributes: Only require the multicast lock. * Group forward mask: Only requires RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. Annotations can be added in net-next. * Backup port: Only requires RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. This is a problem as the bridge calls dev_set_promiscuity() when certain bridge port flags change and this function can sleep since the commit cited below, resulting in a splat such as [1]. Fix this by reducing the scope of the bridge lock and only take it when processing the two STP related attributes that require it. Remove the now stale comment from br_switchdev_set_port_flag(). The SWITCHDEV_F_DEFER flag can be removed in net-next. [1] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1262 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 372, name: bash preempt_count: 201, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 5 locks held by bash/372: #0: ffff88810c51c3f0 (sb_writers#7){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write (fs/read_write.c:740) #1: ffff888115ce9480 (&of->mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter (fs/kernfs/file.c:343) #2: ffff88810b9fd330 (kn->active#37){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter (fs/kernfs/file.c:80 fs/kernfs/file.c:344) #3: ffffffffa59473a0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: brport_store (net/bridge/br_sysfs_if.c:326) #4: ffff8881099d2d58 (&br->lock){+...}-{3:3}, at: brport_store (./include/linux/spinlock.h:348 net/bridge/br_sysfs_if.c:345) Preemption disabled at: 0x0 Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:94 lib/dump_stack.c:120) __might_resched.cold (kernel/sched/core.c:9163) netif_rx_mode_run (net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1262) netif_rx_mode_sync (net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1428) dev_set_promiscuity (net/core/dev_api.c:289) br_manage_promisc (net/bridge/br_if.c:135 net/bridge/br_if.c:172) br_port_flags_change (net/bridge/br_if.c:242 net/bridge/br_if.c:747) store_learning (net/bridge/br_sysfs_if.c:79 net/bridge/br_sysfs_if.c:235) brport_store (net/bridge/br_sysfs_if.c:346) kernfs_fop_write_iter (fs/kernfs/file.c:352) new_sync_write (fs/read_write.c:595) vfs_write (fs/read_write.c:688) ksys_write (fs/read_write.c:740) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bridge: Fix sleep in atomic context in netlink path Since the introduction of the netlink configuration path for bridge ports in commit 25c71c75ac87 ("bridge: bridge port parameters over netlink"), br_setport() was always called with the bridge lock held around it. Back then this decision made sense: The bridge lock protects the STP state of the bridge and its ports and at that time the function only processed three STP related netlink attributes (cost, priority and state). Nowadays, br_setport() processes a lot more attributes and most of them do not need the bridge lock: * Bridge flags: Only require RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. Annotations can be added in net-next. * FDB port flushing: Only requires the FDB lock. * Multicast attributes: Only require the multicast lock. * Group forward mask: Only requires RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. Annotations can be added in net-next. * Backup port and NHID: Only require RTNL. Read locklessly by the data path. This is a problem as the bridge calls dev_set_promiscuity() when certain bridge port flags change and this function can sleep since the commit cited below, resulting in a splat such as [1]. Fix this by reducing the scope of the bridge lock and only take it when processing the three STP related attributes that require it. This is consistent with the multicast attributes where each attribute acquires the multicast lock instead of having one critical section for all relevant attributes. [1] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1262 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 356, name: bridge preempt_count: 201, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 2 locks held by bridge/356: #0: ffffffff919473a0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:80 net/core/rtnetlink.c:7002) #1: ffff888115072d58 (&br->lock){+...}-{3:3}, at: br_setlink (./include/linux/spinlock.h:348 net/bridge/br_netlink.c:1117) Preemption disabled at: 0x0 Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:94 lib/dump_stack.c:120) __might_resched.cold (kernel/sched/core.c:9163) netif_rx_mode_run (net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1262) netif_rx_mode_sync (net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1428) dev_set_promiscuity (net/core/dev_api.c:289) br_manage_promisc (net/bridge/br_if.c:135 net/bridge/br_if.c:172) br_port_flags_change (net/bridge/br_if.c:242 net/bridge/br_if.c:747) br_setport (net/bridge/br_netlink.c:1000) br_setlink (net/bridge/br_netlink.c:1118) rtnl_bridge_setlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:5572) rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:7005) netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550) netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344) netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894) __sock_sendmsg (net/socket.c:787 (discriminator 4) net/socket.c:802 (discriminator 4)) ____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2698) ___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2752) __sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2784) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)